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Nguyen TVQ. Direct C7-H Arylation of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]azines with Aryl Chlorides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301485. [PMID: 37183726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
C7-Arylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]azines are important structural motifs with profound applications in drug and material research. Here, we report a general and straighforward synthesis of these bi(hetero)aryls via palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation, employing low-cost and abundant (hetero)aryl chlorides as the aryl source. The catalytic system is robust and covers a wide substrate scope regarding heteroarenes as well as (hetero)aryl chlorides, with possible extension to the C-H arylation of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. This study also presents a rare example of using (hetero)aryl chlorides for the direct C-H arylation of six-membered heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V Q Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Norman NJ, Bao ST, Curts L, Hui T, Zheng SL, Shou T, Zeghibe A, Burdick I, Fuehrer H, Huang A. Highly Selective N-Alkylation of Pyrazoles: Crystal Structure Evidence for Attractive Interactions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10018-10025. [PMID: 35877958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by crystal structures, we designed and achieved a catalyst-free Michael reaction for the preparation of an N1-alkyl pyrazole in a high yield (>90%) with excellent regioselectivity (N1/N2 > 99.9:1). The scope of this protocol has been extended to accomplish the first general regioselective N1-alkylation of 1H-pyrazoles to give di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted pyrazoles in a single step. The resulting pyrazoles bear versatile functional groups such as bromo, ester, nitro, and nitrile, offering opportunities for late-stage functionalization. This efficient methodology will have an impact on drug discovery, as several Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs are pyrazole derivatives. A working hypothesis for the regioselectivity is proposed. X-ray crystal structures of the products that highlight the attractive interactions are discussed. This report provides a rare source for the further elucidation of the attractive interactions because the isomeric ratios and the crystal structures are directly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Norman
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Si Tong Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Lynne Curts
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Tiffani Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Bauer B06, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tiffany Shou
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Ana Zeghibe
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Izzy Burdick
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Hannah Fuehrer
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Adrian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
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Choudhary D, Garg S, Kaur M, Sohal HS, Malhi DS, Kaur L, Verma M, Sharma A, Mutreja V. Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-Applications of Pyrazine Derivatives: A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Choudhary
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Dharambeer Singh Malhi
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Loveleen Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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4
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Bozhanov VI, Bohdan DP, Borysov OV, Silin AV, Zaremba OV, Avramenko MM, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Gavrilenko KS. Straightforward Synthesis of Functionalized 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazines – Important Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Bozhanov
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | | | - Oleksandr V. Borysov
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | | | | | - Mykola M. Avramenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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Motornov VA, Tabolin AA, Nelyubina YV, Nenajdenko VG, Ioffe SL. Copper-mediated oxidative [3 + 2]-annulation of nitroalkenes and pyridinium imines: efficient synthesis of 3-fluoro- and 3-nitro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1436-1448. [PMID: 32022079 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient route to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines by Cu(OAc)2-promoted oxidative [3 + 2]-annulation of nitroalkenes with in situ generated pyridinium imines is developed. The reaction with α-fluoronitroalkenes enables the first preparative synthesis of 3-fluoro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. Cycloaddition with α-unsubstituted nitroalkenes provides access to 3-nitro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines in excellent yields. A broad transformation scope was demonstrated. Both electron-rich and electron-deficient nitroalkenes as well as different aminopyridinium salts can be used for the assembly of the target pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. The related aza-heterocycles, namely, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines and pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazines, were successfully prepared via the present methodology. The possible mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Motornov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia. and Higher Chemical College, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Andrey A Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sema L Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Le Bras J, Muzart J. Recent Uses of N, N-Dimethylformamide and N, N-Dimethylacetamide as Reagents. Molecules 2018; 23:E1939. [PMID: 30081462 PMCID: PMC6222515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N-Dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide are multipurpose reagents which deliver their own H, C, N and O atoms for the synthesis of a variety of compounds under a number of different experimental conditions. The review mainly highlights the corresponding literature published over the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Bras
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Jacques Muzart
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
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Abd ul-Malik MA, Zaki RM, Kamal El-Dean AM, Radwan SM. A Concise Review on the Synthesis and Reactions of Pyrazolopyrazine Heterocycles. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar A. Abd ul-Malik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut 71516 Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science; Taiz University; Taiz Yemen
| | - Remon M. Zaki
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | | | - Shaban M. Radwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Assiut University; Assiut 71516 Egypt
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