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Fu J, Vaughn Z, Nolting AF, Gao Q, Yang D, Schuster CH, Kalyani D. Diastereoselective Reductive Etherification Via High-Throughput Experimentation: Access to Pharmaceutically Relevant Alkyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13454-13465. [PMID: 37677061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of the first diastereoselective intermolecular synthesis of alkyl ethers via reductive etherification of diverse ketones or aldehydes with alcohols. Key to this development was the use of low-temperature high-throughput experimentation (HTE) technologies that enabled rapid reaction optimizations and parallel synthesis. A broad scope of pharmaceutically relevant substrates was surveyed, which formed alkyl ethers effectively. In addition, we demonstrated that the diastereoselectivity of this transformation can be readily modulated by prudent selection of the reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Fu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zoe Vaughn
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew F Nolting
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qi Gao
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dexi Yang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christopher H Schuster
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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2
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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3
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Delolo FG, Fessler J, Neumann H, Junge K, dos Santos EN, Gusevskaya EV, Beller M. Cobalt‐Catalysed Reductive Etherification Using Phosphine Oxide Promoters under Hydroformylation Conditions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103903. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G. Delolo
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Johannes Fessler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Eduardo N. dos Santos
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Elena V. Gusevskaya
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 MG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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Dindarloo Inaloo I, Esmaeilpour M, Majnooni S, Reza Oveisi A. Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of
N
‐(Hetero)aryl Carbamates from Cyanate Salts and Phenols Activated with Cyanuric Chloride. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Esmaeilpour
- Chemistry Department College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz 71946 84795 Iran
- Chemistry and Process Engineering Department Niroo Research Institute Tehran 1468617151 Iran
| | - Sahar Majnooni
- Chemistry Department University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Zabol Zabol 98615-538 Iran
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Niknam E, Panahi F, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides Using Formamide and Cyanuric Chloride as a New “CN” Source. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Niknam
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry; College of Sciences; Shiraz University; 71454 Shiraz Iran
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Prajapati A, Kumar M, Thakuria R, Basak AK. In(OTf)3 catalyzed reductive etherification of 2-aryloxybenzaldehydes and 2-(arylthio)benzaldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.150955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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