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Basavarajappa A, Wang X, Miljanić OŠ. Cycloglycolurils: Hybrid Glycoluril-Cyclobenzil Macrocycles. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38626464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Two novel glycoluril macrocycles have been synthesized from cyclotetrabenzil and cyclotribenzoin precursors using solvent-free condensations with urea. The crystal structure of the cyclotetra(p-phenylene)glycoluril macrocycle shows a twisted ring conformation, while that of the cyclotri(m-phenylene)glycoluril hybrid exhibits a distinct tubular supramolecular packing. These structures establish a potentially broad new class of macrocycles with intriguing guest binding properties owing to their available N-H motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiqu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ognjen Š Miljanić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71408, Vietnam
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Prusinowska N, Szymkowiak J, Kwit M. Unravelling Structural Dynamics, Supramolecular Behavior, and Chiroptical Properties of Enantiomerically Pure Macrocyclic Tertiary Ureas and Thioureas. J Org Chem 2023; 88:285-299. [PMID: 36480555 PMCID: PMC9830626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of urea or thiourea functionality to the macrocycle skeleton represents an alternative way to control conformational dynamics of chiral, polyamines of a figure-shaped periodical structure. Formally highly symmetrical, these macrocycles may adapt diverse conformations, depending on the nature of an amide linker and on a substitution pattern within the aromatic units. The type of heteroatom X in the N-C(═X)-N units present in each vertex of the macrocycle core constitutes the main factor determining the chiroptical properties. In contrast to the urea-containing derivatives, the electronic circular dichroism of thioureas is controlled by the chiral neighborhood closest to the chromophore. The dynamically induced exciton couplet is observed when the biphenyl chromophores are present in the macrocycle core. In the solid state, the seemingly disordered molecules may create ordered networks stabilized by intermolecular S···halogen, H···halogen, and S···H interactions. The presence of two bromine substituents in each aromatic unit in thiourea-derived trianglamine gives rise to a self-sorting phenomenon in the crystal. In solution, this particular macrocycle exists as a dynamic equimolar mixture of two conformational diastereoisomers, differing in the spatial (clockwise and counter clockwise) arrangement of the C-Br bonds. In the crystal lattice, macrocycles of a given handedness assemble into homohelical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry University
of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznan, Poland,E-mail:
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Skowronek P, Prusinowska N, Bardziński M, Janiak A. Symmetry-driven diastereoselective functionalization of simple trianglamine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7216-7220. [PMID: 36044005 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have found that derivatization of the trianglamine macrocycle by aliphatic aldehydes leads selectively to one of the two possible diastereomeric aminal products. X-ray analysis, NMR measurements and DFT calculations pointed to the product possessing a higher symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Skowronek
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Bardziński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Janiak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Grajewski J. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Nitrogen-Containing Macrocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:1004. [PMID: 35164269 PMCID: PMC8839354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds are versatile molecules. Supramolecular, noncovalent interactions of these macrocycles with guest molecules enables them to act as catalysts, fluorescent sensors, chiral or nonchiral selectors, or receptors of small molecules. In the solid state, they often display a propensity to form inclusion compounds. All of these properties are usually closely connected with the presence of nitrogen atoms in the macrocyclic ring. As most of the reviews published so far on macrocycles were written from the viewpoint of functional groups, synthetic methods, or the structure, search methods for literature reports in terms of the physicochemical properties of these compounds may be unobvious. In this minireview, the emphasis was put on the synthesis and applications of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic compounds, as they differ from their acyclic analogs, and at the same time are the driving force for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grajewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Zeng Q, Long Q, Lu J, Wang L, You Y, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Ge Q, Cong H, Liu M. Synthesis of a novel aminobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril and its fluorescence spectral properties with ions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2840-2847. [PMID: 34956406 PMCID: PMC8685562 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hemicucurbituril-based macrocycle, alternately consisting of amidobenzene and 2-imidazolidione moieties was designed and synthesized. Based on the fragment coupling strategy, nitrobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril was firstly prepared facilely under alkaline environment, and reduction of the nitro groups produced the desired amidobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril. As an original fluorescent chemosensor, it exhibited strong interactions with Fe3+ over other metal cations. The experimental evidence of fluorescence spectra suggested that a 1:1 complex was formed between this macrocycle and Fe3+ with an association constant up to (2.1 ± 0.3) × 104 M−1. Meanwhile, this macrocycle showed no obvious or only slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity with selected anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qiumeng Long
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Jihong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Yuting You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Hang Cong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Mao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
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Kunde T, Pausch T, Schmidt BM. Porous Organic Compounds – Small Pores on the Rise. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kunde
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Advances in the synthesis of heterocycles bearing an endocyclic urea moiety. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lízal T, Šindelář V. Bambusuril analogs based on alternating glycoluril and xylylene units. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1268-1274. [PMID: 31293674 PMCID: PMC6604679 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoluril monomer is a popular building block in supramolecular chemistry as it is used for the synthesis of versatile host molecules which can interact with cationic, anionic or neutral guest molecules. Here we present the design and synthesis of a new hybrid macrocycle containing glycoluril and aromatic units. The reaction afforded a mixture of macrocyclic homologues from which a two-membered macrocycle was isolated as the main product. Two disastereomers of the macrocycle were separated and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Conformational changes of these diastereomers were investigated using DFT models and variable-temperature NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Lízal
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Vlatković M, Feringa BL. Unclicking of thioureas: Base catalyzed elimination of anilines and isothiocyanates from thioureas. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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