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Zhou Z, Yang J, Yang B, Han Y, Zhu L, Xue XS, Zhu F. Photoredox Nickel-Catalysed Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314832. [PMID: 37946607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Stille cross-coupling reaction is one of the most common strategies for the construction of C-C bonds. Despite notable strides in the advancement of the Stille reaction, persistent challenges persist in hindering its greener evolution. These challenges encompass multiple facets, such as the high cost of precious metals and ligands, the demand for various additives, and the slow reaction rate. In comparison to the dominant palladium-catalysed Stille reactions, cost-effective nickel-catalysed systems lag behind, and enantioconvergent Stille reactions of racemic stannanes remain undeveloped. Herein, we present a pioneering instance of nickel-catalysed enantioconvergent Stille cross-coupling reactions of racemic stannane reagents, resulting in the formation of C-C bonds in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. This strategy provides a practical, scalable, and operationally straightforward method for the synthesis of C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ), C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ), and C(sp3 )-C(sp) bonds under exceptionally mild conditions (without additives and bases, ambient temperature). The innovative use of synergistic photoredox/nickel catalysis enables a novel single-electron transmetalation process of stannane reagents, providing a new research paradigm of Stille reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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2
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Chniti S, Kollár L, Bényei A, Dörnyei Á, Takács A. Highly Chemoselective One‐Step Synthesis of Novel
N
‐Substituted‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinoline‐1,3‐diones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation/Carbonylative Cyclisation Sequence. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Chniti
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 6. 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - László Kollár
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 6. 7624 Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 20. 7624 Pécs Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Research Group for Selective Chemical Syntheses Ifjúság útja 6. 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. H-4032 Pécs Hungary
| | - Ágnes Dörnyei
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 6. 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Attila Takács
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 6. 7624 Pécs Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre University of Pécs Ifjúság útja 20. 7624 Pécs Hungary
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3
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Aleena MB, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Advances in non‐palladium‐catalysed Stille couplings. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Baby Aleena
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India
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4
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Rodriguez J, Tabey A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Bourissou D. Oxidative additions of alkynyl/vinyl iodides to gold and gold-catalyzed vinylation reactions triggered by the MeDalphos ligand. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7706-7712. [PMID: 34168822 PMCID: PMC8188461 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01483h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemilabile Ad2P(o-C6H4)NMe2 ligand promotes fast, quantitative and irreversible oxidative addition of alkynyl and vinyl iodides to gold. The reaction is general. It works with a broad range of substrates of various electronic bias and steric demand, and proceeds with complete retention of stereochemistry from Z and E vinyl iodides. Both alkynyl and vinyl iodides react faster than aryl iodides. The elementary step is amenable to catalysis. Oxidative addition of vinyl iodides to gold and π-activation of alkenols (and N-alkenyl amines) at gold have been combined to achieve hetero-vinylation reactions. A number of functionalized heterocycles, i.e. tetrahydrofuranes, tetrahydropyranes, oxepanes and pyrrolidines were obtained thereby (24 examples, 87% average yield). Taking advantage of the chemoselectivity for vinyl iodides over aryl iodides, sequential transformations involving first a hetero-vinylation step and then a C-N coupling, a C-C coupling or an heteroarylation were achieved from a vinyl/aryl bis-iodide substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Alexis Tabey
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
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5
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He YT, Karimata A, Gladkovskaya O, Khaskin E, Fayzullin RR, Sarbajna A, Khusnutdinova JR. C–C Bond Elimination from High-Valent Mn Aryl Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao He
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ayumu Karimata
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Olga Gladkovskaya
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Abir Sarbajna
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Julia R. Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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Stereoselectivity in Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of enantioenriched nucleophiles. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:584-599. [PMID: 33869786 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have facilitated the development of stereospecific variants enabling the use of configurationally stable, enantioenriched, main-group organometallic nucleophiles to form C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bonds. Such stereospecific cross-coupling reactions constitute a powerful synthetic approach to attaining precise 3D control of molecular structure, allowing new stereogenic centres to be readily introduced into molecular architectures. Examples of stereospecific, Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been reported for isolable enantioenriched alkylboron, alkyltin, alkylgermanium and alkylsilicon nucleophiles. In these reactions, a single, dominant stereospecific pathway of transmetallation to palladium is required to effect efficient chirality transfer to the cross-coupled product. However, the potential for competing stereoretentive and stereoinvertive pathways of transmetallation complicates the stereochemical transfer in these processes and impedes the rational development of new stereospecific cross-coupling variants. In this Review, we describe the use of enantioenriched organometallic nucleophiles in stereospecific, Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions. We focus on systems involving well-defined, isolable, enantioenriched nucleophiles in which a clear stereochemical course of transmetallation is followed. Specific modes of electronic activation that influence the reactivity of alkylmetal nucleophiles are described and presented in the context of their impact on the stereochemical course of cross-coupling reactions. We expect that this Review will serve as a valuable resource to assist in deconvoluting the many considerations that potentially impact the stereochemical outcome of Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions.
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7
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Ma X, Zhao H, Binayeva M, Ralph G, Diane M, Zhao S, Wang CY, Biscoe MR. A General Approach to Stereospecific Cross-Coupling Reactions of Nitrogen-Containing Stereocenters. Chem 2020; 6:781-791. [PMID: 32440572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy employing cyclohexyl spectator ligands in Stille cross-coupling reactions has been developed as a general solution to the long-standing challenge of conducting stereospecific cross-coupling reactions at nitrogen-containing stereocenters. This method enables direct access to enantioenriched products that are difficult (or impossible) to obtain via alternative preparative methods. Selective and predictable transfer of a single secondary alkyl unit can be achieved under reaction conditions that exploit subtle electronic differences between activated and unactivated alkyl units. Through this approach, enantioenriched α-stannylated nitrogen-containing stereocenters undergo Pd-catalyzed arylation and acylation reactions with exceptionally high stereofidelity in all instances investigated. We demonstrate this process by using α-stannylated pyrrolidine, azetidine, and open-chain (benzylic and non-benzylic) nucleophiles in stereospecific reactions. This process will facilitate rapid and reliable access to enantioenriched compounds possessing nitrogen-substituted stereocenters, which constitute ubiquitous structural motifs in biologically active compounds emerging from the drug-discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Meruyert Binayeva
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Glenn Ralph
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mohamed Diane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shibin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark R Biscoe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.,PhD Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.,Lead Contact
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8
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Adam MSS, El-Hady OM, Ullah F. Biological and catalytic potential of sustainable low and high valent metal-Schiff base sulfonate salicylidene pincer complexes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34311-34329. [PMID: 35529964 PMCID: PMC9074042 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ONO-Pincer Schiff base salicylidene (HSaln ligand) complexes with VO2+, UO2 2+, MoO2 2+ and Mn2+ ions (MSaln complexes = VOSaln, UO2Saln, MoO2Saln and MnSaln, respectively) were synthesized and fully characterized by different physico-chemical tools. The VOSaln complex was further treated with 1,10-phenanthroline which afforded a new VO-complex (VOSaln-Ph). All complexes and their ligands, as eco-friendly reagents, were explored for their biological potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Reactivity of MSaln complexes against the tested pathogen strains exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect compared to the coordinated ligand (HSaln) and applicable standard drugs. Moreover, the MSaln complex-DNA interaction was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, viscosity and gel electrophoresis techniques affording binding strengths in the order: UO2Saln > MnSaln > MoO2Saln > VOSaln-Ph > VOSaln. Additionally, the biological potential of the investigated compounds was further explored by molecular docking to illustrate the nature of the drug-DNA interactions. All MSaln complexes show respectable anti-proliferative potential as anticancer agents against selected human carcinoma cell lines. Aside from the biological activities these complexes (MSaln complexes) were also investigated for catalytic efficiency in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling system of phenylboronic acid with 2-bromopyridine in water, sustainably. The results indicated that the MnSaln catalyst performed well with high yield. The catalytic potential of MnSaln was compared in water, water-ionic liquid mixtures and ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shaker S Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University P. O. Box 380, Al Hofuf Al Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag-82534 Egypt
| | - Omar M El-Hady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag-82534 Egypt
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Winnipeg University 515 Portage Avenue Winnipeg Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada
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9
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Sarbajna A, He YT, Dinh MH, Gladkovskaya O, Rahaman SMW, Karimata A, Khaskin E, Lapointe S, Fayzullin RR, Khusnutdinova JR. Aryl–X Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from High-Valent Mn–Aryl Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Sarbajna
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Yu-Tao He
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Minh Hoan Dinh
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Olga Gladkovskaya
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - S. M. Wahidur Rahaman
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ayumu Karimata
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Sébastien Lapointe
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Julia R. Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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10
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Yabushita K, Yuasa A, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Asymmetric Catalysis Using Aromatic Aldehydes as Chiral α-Alkoxyalkyl Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:113-117. [PMID: 30561196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new umpolung strategy for catalytically forming a chiral α-alkoxyalkyl anion from an aromatic aldehyde for use in asymmetric synthesis. The reaction between aromatic aldehydes and aryl or allyl electrophiles with a silylboronate utilizing a chiral copper-N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst and a palladium-bisphosphine catalyst in a synergistic manner occurred with high enantioselectivities to deliver the three-component coupling products, chiral silyl-protected secondary alcohol derivatives. Our method features the catalytic generation of enantioenriched chiral α-alkoxyalkylcopper(I) intermediates from aldehydes and their subsequent palladium-catalyzed stereospecific cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Yabushita
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Akihiro Yuasa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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Zhu F, O'Neill S, Rodriguez J, Walczak MA. Rethinking Carbohydrate Synthesis: Stereoretentive Reactions of Anomeric Stannanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:3147-3155. [PMID: 30051523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this Concept article, recent advances are highlighted in the synthesis and applications of anomeric nucleophiles, a class of carbohydrates in which the C1 carbon bears a carbon-metal bond. First, the advantages of exploiting the carboanionic reactivity of carbohydrates and the methods for the synthesis of mono- and oligosaccharide stannanes are discussed. Second, recent developments in the glycosyl cross-coupling method resulting in the transfer of anomeric configuration from C1 stannanes to C-aryl glycosides are reviewed. These highly stereoretentive processes are ideally suited for the preparation of carbohydrate-based therapeutics and were demonstrated in the synthesis of antidiabetic drugs. Next, the application of the glycosyl cross-coupling method to the preparation of Se-glycosides and to glycodiversification of small molecules and peptides are highlighted. These reactions proceed with exclusive anomeric control for a broad range of substrates and tolerate carbohydrates with free hydroxyl groups. Taken together, anomeric nucleophiles have emerged as powerful tools for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates and their future applications will open new possibilities to incorporate saccharides into small molecules and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, United States
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