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Grover V, Ravikanth M. One Pot Synthesis of Two Distinct Macrocycles: Aromatic p-Benzihexaphyrin and Nonaromatic Doubly Fused p-Benzihexaphyrin. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301041. [PMID: 38156957 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic trithia p-benzihexaphyrins and nonaromatic doubly fused trithia p-benzihexaphyrins were synthesized in a one pot reaction by condensing a p-benzithiophene based tetrapyrrane with three different bithiophene diols under acid catalyzed conditions. The aromatic and nonaromatic macrocycles showed clear differences in colour, NMR, absorption, and electrochemical properties. Theoretical studies supported the observed aromatic and nonaromatic characteristics, respectively, of the p-benzihexaphyrins and their N-fused derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratta Grover
- Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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2
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Sengupta R, Ravikanth M, Chandrashekar TK. Inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13268-13320. [PMID: 34747949 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expanded heteroporphyrins are a class of porphyrin macrocycles containing pyrrole, thiophene, furan, selenophene and other heterocyclic rings that are connected to form an internal ring pathway containing a minimum of 17 atoms and more than 18 delocalized π electrons in their conjugated macrocyclic framework. Considering that expanded heteroporphyrins are large in size, these macrocycles are structurally flexible and prefer to adopt various conformations in which one or more pyrrole(s)/heterocycle(s) tend to be in an inverted conformation and pointed outward from the centre of the macrocyclic core. The inverted expanded heteroporphyrins are divided into two classes as follows: (1) N-inverted expanded heteroporphyrins and (2) hetero-atom inverted expanded heteroporphyrins. Both inverted expanded heteroporphyrins show quite unique features in terms of their structure, aromaticity, and electronic and coordination properties. Sometimes, inverted expanded heteroporphyrins lead to the formation of fused expanded heteroporphyrins because of the intramolecular fusion of the pyrrole "N" with the "C" of the inverted heterocycle ring, which also exhibit unique features compared to inverted expanded heteroporphyrins. In this review, we attempt to describe the synthesis, structure, and aromatic, electronic and coordination properties of inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins. This review covers the synthesis, structure and properties of inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins containing a combination of pyrrole/heterocycle rings starting with five pyrrole/heterocycle-containing pentaphyrins, and then expanded heteroporphyrins containing six, seven, eight and more pyrrole/heterocyclic rings in their porphyrin macrocyclic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Mangalampalli Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Tavarekere K Chandrashekar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India.
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3
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Abstract
Synthesis and studies of first examples of nonaromatic doubly fused fluorene embedded heterosapphyrins and their intermediate macrocycles, monofused fluorene embedded hetero calixsapphyrins are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Prosenjit Isar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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4
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Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Expanded Carbaporphyrinoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16874-16901. [PMID: 31825555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review outlines the progress in the field of synthetic expanded carbaporphyrinoids. The evolution of this topic is demonstrated with expanded porphyrin-inspired systems with a variety of incorporated entities that introduce one or more carbon atoms into the cavity. The discussion starts with platyrins-the macrocycles that were identified as parent molecules of not only the expanded carbaporphyrinoids, but the carbaporphyrinoid class in general. After historic considerations, the plethora of expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles containing N-confused or neo-confused pyrrole motifs and different carbocyclic subunits are presented. Special emphasis is given to applications of expanded carbaporphyrinoids in different areas, including organometallic chemistry, switching systems, or aromaticity, concluding with the demonstration of a covalent cage based on an expanded carbaporphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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Sulfikarali T, Ajay J, Suresh CH, Bijina PV, Gokulnath S. Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties of Di- m-benzihexaphyrins (1.1.0.0.0.0) and Di- m-benziheptaphyrins (1.0.1.0.0.0.0): Blackening of m-Phenylene-Linked Dicarbaporphyrinoids by Simple π-Expansion. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8021-8028. [PMID: 32390421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed condensation of a newly prepared di-m-benzipentapyrrane with appropriate mono- and diheterocyclic dialcohols selectively produced stable di-m-benzihexaphyrins and di-m-benziheptaphyrins with only two meso-carbon bridges. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal planar conformation with slight distortion of bridged phenylene rings. Despite the presence of m-phenylene units interrupting the global delocalization, the presence of bithiophene units in di-m-benziheptaphyrins 3a-b exhibits altered optical features covering the entire visible region (ca. 250-720 nm), exhibiting a black dye property as a "metal-free" porphyrinoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thondikkal Sulfikarali
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Jayaprakash Ajay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Padinjare V Bijina
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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7
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Chitranshi S, Das M, Adinarayana B, Cha WY, Kim D, Srinivasan A. Structurally Isomerized Bis-Biphenyl Moieties Embedded in Hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) and Octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Org Lett 2020; 22:1081-1085. [PMID: 31935101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An o-p-biphenyl moiety-incorporated 32π hexaphyrin(3.1.1.3.1.1) is successfully achieved. Replacing ortho with meta connectivity in the biphenyl unit of hexaphyrin leads to the formation of its structural isomer, octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0). Spectral and structural analyses reveal the lack of planarity in hexaphyrin and the presence of an m-arene unit in octaphyrin, thus affording nonaromatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Chitranshi
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Mainak Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - B Adinarayana
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - A Srinivasan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
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8
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Das M, Adinarayana B, Murugavel M, Nayak S, Srinivasan A. Di-( m- m- m)terphenyl-Embedded Decaphyrin and Its Bis-Rh(I) Complex. Org Lett 2019; 21:2867-2871. [PMID: 30958682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new rectangular-shaped carbadecaphyrin was successfully synthesized by introducing a terphenylene unit ( m- m- m) in the macrocyclic core. The terphenylene moiety offers an open framework with multiple binding pockets to stabilize two Rh(I) ions in the core. The photophysical and structural studies reveal the non-aromatic character of the ligand and its bis-Rh(I) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Das
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - B Adinarayana
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - M Murugavel
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Subhashree Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - A Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI , Bhubaneswar 752050 , Odisha , India
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Szyszko B, Chmielewski PJ, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Kupietz K, Białońska A, Latos-Grażyński L. Diphenanthrioctaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0): Conformational Switching Controls the Stereochemical Dynamics of the Topologically Chiral System. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6060-6072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kupietz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Kumar S, Thorat KG, Ravikanth M. Dibenzidecaphyrins (1.0.0.1.1.1.0.0.1.1) and Their Bis-BF2 Complexes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14277-14285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kishor G. Thorat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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11
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Szyszko B, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Białońska A, Chmielewski PJ, Cichos J, Latos-Grażyński L. Helicenophyrins: Expanded Carbaporphyrins Incorporating Aza[5]helicene and Heptacyclic S-Shaped Aza[5]helicene Motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jakub Cichos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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12
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Szyszko B, Przewoźnik M, Białek MJ, Białońska A, Chmielewski PJ, Cichos J, Latos-Grażyński L. Helicenophyrins: Expanded Carbaporphyrins Incorporating Aza[5]helicene and Heptacyclic S-Shaped Aza[5]helicene Motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4030-4034. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szyszko
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Monika Przewoźnik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Michał J. Białek
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Jakub Cichos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; 14 F. Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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