1
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Xi J, Wang D, Hu J, Shen H, Wang T, Zhang Z. Rearrangement of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridines via photoinduced 6π-electrocyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7188-7193. [PMID: 37642152 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
By photoinduced 6π-electrocyclization of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridine derivatives 1, a method for the synthesis of trans-dihydrobenzo[f]quinolines 2, cis-dihydrobenzo[f]quinolines 3 and 8b-methyl-1,8b-dihydrobenzo[f]quinolines 4 was developed. Irradiation of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridine 1 in acetone-H2O (5 : 1, v/v) with a 313 nm UV lamp under an argon atmosphere at room temperature successfully yielded 2, which was further converted into 3 at elevated temperature (200 °C) in glycerol. However, irradiating 2-(3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridines 1 in CH2Cl2 with a 254 nm UV lamp gave 4 in good yields. The syntheses of 2, 3 and 4via the 6π-electrocyclization rearrangement of 1 not only offer high atom efficiency but also do not require transition metal catalysts or additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jinxia Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Huan Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zunting Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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2
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Cheng Q, Yan W, Li T, Jiao Y, Tang Z. Insights into the regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of the Nazarov cyclization of 3-alkenyl-2-indolylmethanol with tryptophol. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations of Nazarov cyclizations showed that 3-alkenyl-2-indolylmethanol and tryptophol formed binary and ternary complexes, respectively, in the presence and absence of H2O to produce C–N and C–C products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Yinchun Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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3
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Almubayedh S, Green JR. Alkynedicobalt mediated vinylogous Nazarov reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1004-1007. [PMID: 34951440 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SnCl4 mediated reactions of cross conjugated aryl enynone-Co2(CO)6 and dienynone-Co2(CO)6 complexes afford benzocycloheptynone complexes or cycloheptenynone complexes in a thermal vinylogous Nazarov process. The rate of ring closure is strongly dependent on the ketone α-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiah Almubayedh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - James R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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4
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Zakharov AV, Yadykov AV, Gaeva EB, Metelitsa AV, Shirinian VZ. Photoinduced Skeletal Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Photorelease of Lewis Acid and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16806-16814. [PMID: 34709041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal photorearrangement including 6π-electrocyclization induced by UV light of ortho-halogen-substituted diarylethenes has been studied. It has been found that the reaction pathways leading to bi- or tricyclic frameworks depend on the kind of halogen substituent and solvent. Photocyclization with halogen abstraction leads to bicyclic fused aromatics, while the tricyclic frameworks are formed due to the tandem 6π-electrocyclization/sigmatropic shift reaction. THF is preferred as the solvent in the former process and chloroform in the latter reaction. It was found for the first time that, owing to the ability of this series of diarylethenes to undergo skeletal photorearrangement with the release of the bromide cation, they can be used both as brominating agents and as Lewis acids for catalyzing electrophilic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zakharov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena B Gaeva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachka Avenue, Rostov on Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47, Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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5
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Weiß M, Brehm M. Exploring Free Energy Profiles of Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aldol Reactions under Full Solvent Influence. Molecules 2020; 25:E5861. [PMID: 33322424 PMCID: PMC7764805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a computational study on the enantioselectivity of organocatalytic proline-catalyzed aldol reactions between aldehydes in dimethylformamide (DMF). To explore the free energy surface of the reaction, we apply two-dimensional metadynamics on top of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with explicit solvent description on the DFT level of theory. We avoid unwanted side reactions by utilizing our newly developed hybrid AIMD (HyAIMD) simulation scheme, which adds a simple force field to the AIMD simulation to prevent unwanted bond breaking and formation. Our condensed phase simulation results are able to nicely reproduce the experimental findings, including the main stereoisomer that is formed, and give a correct qualitative prediction of the change in syn:anti product ratio with different substituents. Furthermore, we give a microscopic explanation for the selectivity. We show that both the explicit description of the solvent and the inclusion of entropic effects are vital to a good outcome-metadynamics simulations in vacuum and static nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations yield significantly worse predictions when compared to the experiment. The approach described here can be applied to a plethora of other enantioselective or organocatalytic reactions, enabling us to tune the catalyst or determine the solvent with the highest stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Brehm
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
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6
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Mai S, González L. Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16832-16846. [PMID: 32052547 PMCID: PMC7540682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light-induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non-adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Photonics InstituteVienna University of TechnologyGusshausstrasse 27–291040ViennaAustria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
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7
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Zhang Y, Jin R, Kang W, Guo H. Cu(II)-Catalyzed 6π-Photocyclization of Non-6π Substrates. Org Lett 2020; 22:5502-5505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ruiwen Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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8
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Mai S, González L. Molekulare Photochemie: Moderne Entwicklungen in der theoretischen Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institut für Photonik Technische Universität Wien Gußhausstraße 27–29 1040 Wien Österreich
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für theoretische Chemie Fakultät für Chemie Universität Wien Währinger Straße 17 1090 Wien Österreich
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9
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10
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Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Rostovskii NV. Advances in 2H-azirine chemistry: A seven-year update. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Modha SG, Pöthig A, Dreuw A, Bach T. [6π] Photocyclization to cis-Hexahydrocarbazol-4-ones: Substrate Modification, Mechanism, and Scope. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1139-1153. [PMID: 30648858 PMCID: PMC6362434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Upon irradiation at λ = 366
nm, tertiary N-alkoxycarbonyl-N-aryl-β-enaminones
furnished
exclusively the trans-hexahydrocarbazol-4-ones by
a conrotatory [6π] photocyclization but epimerized on silica
to cis-hexahydrocarbazol-4-ones (14 examples, 44–98%
yield). The acceptor substitution on the nitrogen atom enhanced the
stability of the cyclized products compared to N-alkyl-N-aryl-β-enaminones reported previously. The mechanism
of the [6π] photocyclization was investigated by quenching experiments,
deuterium-labeling experiments, and DFT calculations, suggesting a
triplet pathway for the conrotatory ring closure followed by a suprafacial
[1,4] hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin G Modha
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Ruprecht-Karls University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) , Technical University of Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85747 Garching , Germany
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12
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Haldar R, Diring S, Samanta PK, Muth M, Clancy W, Mazel A, Schlabach S, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiß G, Pati SK, Odobel F, Wöll C. Verbesserung der Selektivität und Kinetik bei der photooxidativen Zyklisierung mittels supramolekularer Kontrolle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 Frankreich
| | - Pralok K. Samanta
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Theoretical Science Unit (TSU); Bangalore- 560064 Indien
| | - Marius Muth
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - William Clancy
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Antoine Mazel
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 Frankreich
| | - Sabine Schlabach
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Theoretical Science Unit (TSU); Bangalore- 560064 Indien
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 Frankreich
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Funktionale Grenzflächen (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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13
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Haldar R, Diring S, Samanta PK, Muth M, Clancy W, Mazel A, Schlabach S, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiß G, Pati SK, Odobel F, Wöll C. Enhancing Selectivity and Kinetics in Oxidative Photocyclization by Supramolecular Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13662-13665. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Pralok K. Samanta
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Theoretical Science Unit (TSU); Bangalore- 560064 India
| | - Marius Muth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - William Clancy
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Antoine Mazel
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Sabine Schlabach
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute for Applied Materials (IAM); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Theoretical Science Unit (TSU); Bangalore- 560064 India
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université Lunam, Université de Nantes; CNRS, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), UMR 6230; 2 rue de la Houssinière 44322 Nantes cedex 3 France
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz-1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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