1
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Lam YC, Hamchand R, Mucci NC, Kauffman SJ, Dudkina N, Reagle EV, Casanova-Torres ÁM, DeCuyper J, Chen H, Song D, Thomas MG, Palm NW, Goodrich-Blair H, Crawford JM. The Xenorhabdus nematophila LrhA transcriptional regulator modulates production of γ-keto- N-acyl amides with inhibitory activity against mutualistic host nematode egg hatching. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0052824. [PMID: 38916293 PMCID: PMC11267870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00528-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus nematophila is a symbiotic Gammaproteobacterium that produces diverse natural products that facilitate mutualistic and pathogenic interactions in their nematode and insect hosts, respectively. The interplay between X. nematophila secondary metabolism and symbiosis stage is tuned by various global regulators. An example of such a regulator is the LysR-type protein transcription factor LrhA, which regulates amino acid metabolism and is necessary for virulence in insects and normal nematode progeny production. Here, we utilized comparative metabolomics and molecular networking to identify small molecule factors regulated by LrhA and characterized a rare γ-ketoacid (GKA) and two new N-acyl amides, GKA-Arg (1) and GKA-Pro (2) which harbor a γ-keto acyl appendage. A lrhA null mutant produced elevated levels of compound 1 and reduced levels of compound 2 relative to wild type. N-acyl amides 1 and 2 were shown to be selective agonists for the human G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) C3AR1 and CHRM2, respectively. The CHRM2 agonist 2 deleteriously affected the hatch rate and length of Steinernema nematodes. This work further highlights the utility of exploiting regulators of host-bacteria interactions for the identification of the bioactive small molecule signals that they control. IMPORTANCE Xenorhabdus bacteria are of interest due to their symbiotic relationship with Steinernema nematodes and their ability to produce a variety of natural bioactive compounds. Despite their importance, the regulatory hierarchy connecting specific natural products and their regulators is poorly understood. In this study, comparative metabolomic profiling was utilized to identify the secondary metabolites modulated by the X. nematophila global regulator LrhA. This analysis led to the discovery of three metabolites, including an N-acyl amide that inhibited the egg hatching rate and length of Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes. These findings support the notion that X. nematophila LrhA influences the symbiosis between X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae through N-acyl amide signaling. A deeper understanding of the regulatory hierarchy of these natural products could contribute to a better comprehension of the symbiotic relationship between X. nematophila and S. carpocapsae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Chong Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Randy Hamchand
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Mucci
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah J. Kauffman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natavan Dudkina
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily V. Reagle
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jessica DeCuyper
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deguang Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael G. Thomas
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Noah W. Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heidi Goodrich-Blair
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Gorla MR, Sarma M. Synthesis of Pyrazole–Oxothiazolidine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents in [Bmim]OH Ionic Liquid Medium. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Lee S, Jeong SY, Nguyen DL, So JE, Kim KH, Kim JH, Han SJ, Suh SS, Lee JH, Youn UJ. Stereocalpin B, a New Cyclic Depsipeptide from the Antarctic Lichen Ramalina terebrata. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020141. [PMID: 35208215 PMCID: PMC8880677 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereocalpin B, a new cyclic depsipeptide (1), and a new dibenzofuran derivative (3), were isolated from the Antarctic lichen, Ramalina terebrata (Ramalinaceae), along with a known cyclic depsipeptide (2). The structures of new compounds were characterized by comprehensive spectrometric analyses; high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HR-FABMS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Stereocalpin B (1) existed in a rotameric equilibrium, which was confirmed using nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY)/exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) spectrum. Absolute configurations of the amino acid units in 1 were assigned using the advanced Marfey’s method and subsequent NOESY analysis of the 5-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-decanoic acid residue confirmed the complete stereochemistry of 1. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities against E. coli, with the IC50 values ranging from 18–30 μg/mL. Compound 2 exhibited cell growth inhibition against HCT116 cell lines, with the IC50 value of 20 ± 1.20 μM, and compounds 1 and 2 also showed potent anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC50 values ranging from 5–7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Dieu Linh Nguyen
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea;
| | - Jae Eun So
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea;
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Korea;
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea;
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (S.L.); (D.L.N.); (J.E.S.); (J.H.K.); (S.J.H.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-760-5562
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4
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Synthesis, crystal structural determination and in silco biological studies of 3,3′-ethane-1,2-diylbis(2-benzylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Lee S, Kim CS, Yu JS, Kang H, Yoo MJ, Youn UJ, Ryoo R, Bae HY, Kim KH. Ergopyrone, a Styrylpyrone-Fused Steroid with a Hexacyclic 6/5/6/6/6/5 Skeleton from a Mushroom Gymnopilus orientispectabilis. Org Lett 2021; 23:3315-3319. [PMID: 33826851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A styrylpyrone-fused ergosterol derivative, ergopyrone (1), was isolated and structurally characterized from a mushroom, Gymnopilus orientispectabilis, along with five biosynthetically related metabolites (2-6). Compound 1 features an unprecedented hexacyclic 6/5/6/6/6/5 skeleton that would be formed from ergosterol and styrylpyrone precursors via [3 + 2] cycloaddition. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by conventional spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis coupled with computational methods including DP4+ probability and ECD simulation and an NOE/ROE-based interproton distance measurement technique via peak amplitude normalization for the improved cross-relaxation (PANIC) method. Plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1-6 are proposed, and compound 6 significantly regulated lipid metabolism in adipocytes through the upregulation of the mRNA expression of Adipsin, Fabp4, SREBP1, and ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, South Korea.,Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tarui A, Karuo Y, Sato K, Kawai K, Omote M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200221114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactams, found in β-lactam antibiotics, are the structurally distorted cyclic
compounds being subjected to nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. α-Fluorination of β
-lactams is a simple and expedient approach to control the reactivity of β-lactam ring toward
nucleophilic attack, which would hopefully lead to the new design of future antibiotics.
From the viewpoint of obtaining multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams, α-bromo-α-
fluoro-β-lactams are considered as key compounds for structure functionalization, including
nucleophilic substitution reaction, aldol-type reaction and metal-catalyzed crosscoupling
reaction. All the reactions can be conducted smoothly to afford a variety of multisubstituted
α-fluoro-β-lactams. During the course of the examination, chiral α,α-difluoro-
β-lactams and α -bromo-β-fluoro-α-lactams are successfully obtained, which are considered
potent precursors for making stereocontrolled multisubstituted α-fluoro-β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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7
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Structure elucidation of small organic molecules by contemporary computational chemistry methods. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1114-1127. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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9
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Sulfamethoxazole drug stress upregulates antioxidant immunomodulatory metabolites in Escherichia coli. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1319-1329. [PMID: 32719505 PMCID: PMC7581551 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important model organism in microbiology and a prominent member of the human microbiota1. Environmental isolates readily colonize the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals, and they can serve diverse probiotic, commensal and pathogenic roles in the host2-4. Although certain strains have been associated with the severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)2,5, the diverse immunomodulatory phenotypes remain largely unknown at the molecular level. Here, we decode a previously unknown E. coli metabolic pathway that produces a family of hybrid pterin-phenylpyruvate conjugates, which we named the colipterins. The metabolites are upregulated by subinhibitory levels of the antifolate sulfamethoxazole, which is used to treat infections including in patients with IBD6,7. The genes folX/M and aspC/tyrB involved in monapterin biosynthesis8-10 and aromatic amino acid transamination,11 respectively, were required to initiate the colipterin pathway. We show that the colipterins are antioxidants, harbour diverse immunological activities in primary human tissues, activate anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and improve colitis symptoms in a colitis mouse model. Our study defines an antifolate stress response in E. coli and links its associated metabolites to a major immunological marker of IBD.
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10
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Sahiba N, Sethiya A, Soni J, Agarwal DK, Agarwal S. Saturated Five-Membered Thiazolidines and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Biological Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:34. [PMID: 32206929 PMCID: PMC7101601 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, interdisciplinary research has been of great interest for scholars. Thiazolidine motifs behave as a bridge between organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry and compel researchers to explore new drug candidates. Thiazolidine motifs are very intriguing heterocyclic five-membered moieties present in diverse natural and bioactive compounds having sulfur at the first position and nitrogen at the third position. The presence of sulfur enhances their pharmacological properties, and, therefore, they are used as vehicles in the synthesis of valuable organic combinations. They show varied biological properties viz. anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant activity and so on. This diversity in the biological response makes it a highly prized moiety. Based on literature studies, various synthetic approaches like multicomponent reaction, click reaction, nano-catalysis and green chemistry have been employed to improve their selectivity, purity, product yield and pharmacokinetic activity. In this review article, we have summarized systematic approaches for the synthesis of thiazolidine and its derivatives, along with their pharmacological activity, including advantages of green synthesis, atom economy, cleaner reaction profile and catalyst recovery which will help scientists to probe and stimulate the study of these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Dinesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacy, B. N. University, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
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11
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Kim C, Gatsios A, Cuesta S, Lam YC, Wei Z, Chen H, Russell RM, Shine EE, Wang R, Wyche TP, Piizzi G, Flavell RA, Palm NW, Sperandio V, Crawford JM. Characterization of Autoinducer-3 Structure and Biosynthesis in E. coli. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:197-206. [PMID: 32123737 PMCID: PMC7047286 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the human microbiota and a beacon model organism in biology. However, an understanding of its signaling systems that regulate population-level phenotypes known as quorum sensing remain incomplete. Here, we define the structure and biosynthesis of autoinducer-3 (AI-3), a metabolite of previously unknown structure involved in the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). We demonstrate that novel AI-3 analogs are derived from threonine dehydrogenase (Tdh) products and "abortive" tRNA synthetase reactions, and they are distributed across a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In addition to regulating virulence genes in EHEC, we show that the metabolites exert diverse immunological effects on primary human tissues. The discovery of AI-3 metabolites and their biochemical origins now provides a molecular foundation for investigating the diverse biological roles of these elusive yet widely distributed bacterial signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung
Sub Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Alexandra Gatsios
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yick Chong Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department
of Immunobiology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Department
of Immunobiology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Regan M. Russell
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Emilee E. Shine
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
| | - Rurun Wang
- Merck Exploratory
Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Thomas P. Wyche
- Merck Exploratory
Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Merck Exploratory
Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department
of Immunobiology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, United States
| | - Noah W. Palm
- Department
of Immunobiology, Yale University School
of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Vanessa Sperandio
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical
Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department
of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, United States
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12
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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13
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Rajendran M, Looney S, Singh N, Elashiry M, Meghil MM, El-Awady AR, Tawfik O, Susin C, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Treg-Th17 Plasticity in Periodontitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2690-2699. [PMID: 30944162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common dysbiotic inflammatory disease that leads to local bone deterioration and tooth loss. PD patients experience low-grade bacteremias with oral microbes implicated in the risk of heart disease, cancer, and kidney failure. Although Th17 effectors are vital to fighting infection, functional imbalance of Th17 effectors and regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated, in a small pilot randomized clinical trial, whether expansion of inflammatory blood myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells could be modulated with antibiotics (AB) as part of initial therapy in PD patients. PD patients were randomly assigned to either 7 d of peroral metronidazole/amoxicillin AB treatment or no AB, along with standard care debridement and chlorhexidine mouthwash. 16s ribosomal RNA analysis of keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its consortium members Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii confirmed the presence of all three species in the reservoirs (subgingival pockets and blood DCs) of PD patients before treatment. Of the three species, P. gingivalis was reduced in both reservoirs 4-6 wk after therapy. Further, the frequency of CD1C+CCR6+ myeloid DCs and IL-1R1 expression on IL-17A+FOXP3+CD4+ T cells in PD patients were reduced to healthy control levels. The latter led to decreased IL-1β-stimulated Treg plasticity in PD patients and improvement in clinical measures of PD. Overall, we identified an important, albeit short-term, beneficial role of AB therapy in reducing inflammatory DCs and Treg-Th17 plasticity in humans with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythilypriya Rajendran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Stephen Looney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Cancer Research Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Mohamed M Meghil
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ahmed R El-Awady
- Department of Research, Immunology Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo 57357, Egypt
| | - Omnia Tawfik
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; and
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912;
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14
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Lohans CT, Chan HTH, Malla TR, Kumar K, Kamps JJAG, McArdle DJB, van Groesen E, de Munnik M, Tooke CL, Spencer J, Paton RS, Brem J, Schofield CJ. Non-Hydrolytic β-Lactam Antibiotic Fragmentation by l,d-Transpeptidases and Serine β-Lactamase Cysteine Variants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1990-1994. [PMID: 30569575 PMCID: PMC6391942 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes often use nucleophilic serine, threonine, and cysteine residues to achieve the same type of reaction; the underlying reasons for this are not understood. While bacterial d,d-transpeptidases (penicillin-binding proteins) employ a nucleophilic serine, l,d-transpeptidases use a nucleophilic cysteine. The covalent complexes formed by l,d-transpeptidases with some β-lactam antibiotics undergo non-hydrolytic fragmentation. This is not usually observed for penicillin-binding proteins, or for the related serine β-lactamases. Replacement of the nucleophilic serine of serine β-lactamases with cysteine yields enzymes which fragment β-lactams via a similar mechanism as the l,d-transpeptidases, implying the different reaction outcomes are principally due to the formation of thioester versus ester intermediates. The results highlight fundamental differences in the reactivity of nucleophilic serine and cysteine enzymes, and imply new possibilities for the inhibition of nucleophilic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tika R. Malla
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine L. Tooke
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolBS8 1TDUK
| | | | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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15
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Lohans CT, Chan HTH, Malla TR, Kumar K, Kamps JJAG, McArdle DJB, van Groesen E, de Munnik M, Tooke CL, Spencer J, Paton RS, Brem J, Schofield CJ. Non-Hydrolytic β-Lactam Antibiotic Fragmentation by l,d
-Transpeptidases and Serine β-Lactamase Cysteine Variants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H. T. Henry Chan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Tika R. Malla
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | | | - Emma van Groesen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Catherine L. Tooke
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Bristol; Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Bristol; Bristol BS8 1TD UK
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Arredondo-Hernandez R, Orduña-Estrada P, Lopez-Vidal Y, Ponce de Leon-Rosales S. Clostridium Difficile Infection: An Immunological Conundrum. Arch Med Res 2019; 49:359-364. [PMID: 30617004 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lack of comprehensive understanding of the way immunity backfires on incidence and complications has made Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), the infectious disease of our times, as evidenced by in the parallel course it follows along epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases. Within these ailments, if as suspected the main effect of Clostridium difficile A and B toxins depends on inflammation, then aberrant immune function due to antibiotics would explain IBD triggering after treatment but also, the higher incidence and mortality surrounding disorders that are inflammatory and/or that show abatement of neutrophils. This review will discuss severity of the disease in terms of challenges to immunity during the progression of acute illness. We will identify the common signals in the communication between microbiota and inflammatory cells, as well as the sequestration of the regulatory network by Clostridium difficile, which leads to tissue damage and prevents its elimination from intestinal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Arredondo-Hernandez
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Orduña-Estrada
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yolanda Lopez-Vidal
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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