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Abstract
Organoboron acids are stable, organic-soluble Lewis acids with potential application as catalysts for a wide variety of chemical reactions. In this review, we summarize the utility of boronic and borinic acids, as well as boric acid, as catalysts for organic transformations. Typically, the catalytic processes exploit the Lewis acidity of trivalent boron, enabling the reversible formation of a covalent bond with oxygen. Our focus is on recent developments in the catalysis of dehydration, carbonyl condensation, acylation, alkylation, and cycloaddition reactions. We conclude that organoboron acids have a highly favorable prospectus as the source of new catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Graham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Noël N, Duchateau S, Messire G, Massicot F, Vasse JL, Villaume S, Aziz A, Dorey S, Crouzet J, Behr JB. Protecting-group free synthesis of glycoconjugates displaying dual fungicidal and plant defense-eliciting activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106829. [PMID: 37690319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of carbohydrate templated isoxazolidines is described, by reaction of unprotected glycosylhydroxylamines (operating as 1,3-dipoles) with methyl acrylate using microwave activation. Rhamno- and erythro-isoxazolidines are recognized by plant cells, resulting in a strong ROS-production as a plant immune response, and exert a high antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Noël
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Simon Duchateau
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP-USC INRAE 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Gatien Messire
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Fabien Massicot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP-USC INRAE 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP-USC INRAE 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP-USC INRAE 1488, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP-USC INRAE 1488, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, 51687 Reims, France.
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3
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Tanaka F. Amines as Catalysts: Dynamic Features and Kinetic Control of Catalytic Asymmetric Chemical Transformations to Form C-C Bonds and Complex Molecules. CHEM REC 2022:e202200207. [PMID: 36202628 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl transformations involving enolates and/or enamines have been used for various types of bond-forming reactions. In this account, catalysts and catalyst systems that have amino acids or primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amines as key catalytic functional groups that we have developed to accelerate chemical transformations, including regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective reactions, are discussed. Our chemical transformation strategies and methods that use amine derivatives as catalysts are also discussed. As amines can have different functions depending on protonation and on the species formed during the catalysis (such as enamines and iminium ions), dynamics and kinetic controls are the keys for understanding the catalysis. Further, strategies that harness dynamic steps and kinetic control in amine-catalyzed reactions have enabled the synthesis of complex molecules in stereocontrolled manners. Understanding the dynamic features and the kinetic controls of the catalysis will further the design of the catalysts and the development of chemical transformation strategies and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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5
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Yadav RN, Hossain MF, Das A, Srivastava AK, Banik BK. Organocatalysis: A recent development on stereoselective synthesis of o-glycosides. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2022.2041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Md. Firoj Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Gallier F, E Miranda LSDM. Organocatalysis applied to carbohydrates: from roots to current developments. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:919-933. [PMID: 34931627 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis emerged in the last decade as a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules. In the field of carbohydrates, it found widespread use in the synthesis of rare and non-natural carbohydrate derivatives. Additionally, it has also found important application in the stereoselective functionalization of the anomeric carbon in glycosylation reactions. These efforts culminated in the development of different types of catalysts operating through distinct activation modes that allow the selective synthesis of α- or β-glycosides even on daunting substrates. All these advances starting from its first examples in carbohydrate synthesis to the current developments in glycosylation reactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gallier
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Leandro Soter de Mariz E Miranda
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl A, 21941909 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Hirao Y, Kanzaki Y, Mitsunuma H, Kanai M. A 4-hydroxyproline/trimethyl borate system for asymmetric synthesis of triple aldols from double aldol cyclic hemiacetals. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Seo Y, Lowe JM, Romano N, Gagné MR. Switching between X-Pyrano-, X-Furano-, and Anhydro- X-pyranoside Synthesis (X = C, N) under Lewis acid Catalyzed Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:5636-5640. [PMID: 34259527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of C-glycosides can be obtained from the fluoroarylborane (B(C6F5)3) or silylium (R3Si+) catalyzed functionalization of 1-MeO- and per-TMS-sugars with TMS-X reagents. A one-step functionalization with a change as simple as the addition order and/or Lewis acid and TMS-X enables one to afford chiral synthons that are common (C-pyranosides), have few viable synthetic methods (C-furanosides), or are virtually unknown (anhydro-C-pyranosides), which mechanistically arise from whether a direct substitution, isomerization/substitution, or substitution/isomerization occurs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngran Seo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jared M Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Neyen Romano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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9
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Li G, Noguchi M, Arisaka G, Tanaka Y, Shoda SI. A protecting group-free approach for synthesizing C-glycosides through glycosyl dithiocarbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3134-3138. [PMID: 33885567 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first protection/deprotection-free process for radical C-glycosylation has been achieved through one-step preparable glycosyl dithiocarbamates (GDTCs). The Giese-type reaction and radical allylation of unprotected GDTCs were successfully performed to obtain the corresponding α-C-glycosides stereoselectively under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Japan.
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10
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Szpara R, Goyder A, Porter MJ, Hailes HC, Sheppard TD. Regioselective Dehydration of Sugar Thioacetals under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:2488-2492. [PMID: 33729808 PMCID: PMC8041386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Sugars
are abundant in waste biomass, making them sustainable chiral
building blocks for organic synthesis. The demand for chiral saturated
heterocyclic rings for pharmaceutical applications is increasing as
they provide well-defined three-dimensional frameworks that show increased
metabolic resistance. A range of sugar thioacetals can be dehydrated
selectively at C-2 under mild basic conditions, and the resulting
ketene thioacetals can be applied to the production of useful chiral
building blocks via further selective dehydration reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Szpara
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Alexander Goyder
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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11
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Ye W, Stevens CM, Wen P, Simmons CJ, Tang W. Mild Cu(OTf) 2-Mediated C-Glycosylation with Chelation-Assisted Picolinate as a Leaving Group. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16218-16225. [PMID: 32691596 PMCID: PMC8138965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C-Glycosylation reactions of glycosyl picolinates with allyltrimethylsilane or silyl enol ethers were developed. Picolinate as a chelation-assisted leaving group could be activated by Cu(OTf)2 and avoided the use of harsh Lewis acids. The glycosylations were operated under mild neutral conditions and gave the corresponding C-glycosides in up to 95% yield with moderate to excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ye
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Christopher M Stevens
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Peng Wen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Christopher J Simmons
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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12
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Messire G, Massicot F, Pascual L, Riguet E, Vasse JL, Behr JB. Broadening the reaction scope of unprotected aldoses via their corresponding nitrones: 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5708-5725. [PMID: 32666987 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Condensation reactions of unprotected tetroses and pentoses with hydroxylamines afforded nitrones, which were easily converted to densely functionalized isoxazolidines in the presence of electron-poor alkenes. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition occurred with good facial discrimination of the chiral nitrone but under rather low endo/exo control. Stereochemistry of isomers was ascertained by chemical correlation with known derivatives from the literature. Microwave activation appeared as the most efficient reaction mode, affording the expected adducts within several minutes whereas hours were needed under standard heating. Alternatively, the transformation proved also possible under high pressure conditions by using a hand pump system, avoiding any energy source. Although water could not be used as the solvent, leading to hydrolysis of the nitrone substrate, a large variety of organic solvents proved efficient. The method has potential use in the preparation of non-ionic carbohydrate-based amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien Messire
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Fabien Massicot
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Laura Pascual
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Emmanuel Riguet
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Univ. Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, CNRS UMR 7312, FR Condorcet CNRS 3417, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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13
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Ling J, Bennett CS. Versatile Glycosyl Sulfonates in β‐Selective C‐Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Tufts University 62 Talbot Ave. Medford MA 02155 USA
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14
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Ling J, Bennett CS. Versatile Glycosyl Sulfonates in β-Selective C-Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4304-4308. [PMID: 31880395 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
C-Glycosides are both a common motif in many bioactive natural products and important glycoside mimetics. We demonstrate that activating a hemiacetal with a sulfonyl chloride, followed by treating the resultant glycosyl sulfonate with an enolate results in the stereospecific construction of β-linked C-glycosides. This reaction tolerates a range of acceptors and donors, including disaccharides. The resulting products can be readily derivatized into C-glycoside analogues of β-glycoconjugates, including C-disaccharide mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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15
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Maram L, Tanaka F. Mannich Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives with Ketones To Afford Polyoxy-Functionalized Piperidines. Org Lett 2019; 21:1165-1169. [PMID: 30693778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mannich reactions of carbohydrate derivatives with ketones that afford polyoxy-functionalized piperidines are reported. Ketone nucleophiles (enamines/enolates) were generated in the presence of the amines used for the formation of the iminium ions of sugar derivatives with or without an additive. Conditions to preferentially generate piperidine derivatives rather than tetrahydrofurans were identified. Products from the reactions of allyl ketones were readily transformed to bicyclic piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingaiah Maram
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit , Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , 1919-1 Tancha , Onna , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan
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16
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Stier K, Checinski MP, Witte SNR, Mahrwald R. Matched/Mismatched Cases in Proline-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions with Carbohydrates: A Computational Insight into the Role of d- and l-Proline. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1201-1217. [PMID: 30543442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cascade reactions of carbohydrates with methyl ketones in the presence of proline feature complex running reaction steps. By extensive quantum mechanical simulation, a coherent reaction mechanism was identified matching the experimental data. The present calculations indicate a Mannich reaction/proline hydrolysis/retro aza-Michael cascade to form an intermediate α,β-unsaturated ethyl ketone. This key precursor yields C-glycosides by a final intramolecular amine-catalyzed oxa-Michael addition. Additionally, the formation of this intermediate determines the rate and selectivity of the overall cascade reaction. Strongly matched and mismatched cases were observed when used with d- or l-proline. They are consistent with the calculated energy barriers of the corresponding transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Stier
- CreativeQuantum GmbH , Am Studio 2 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Swjatoslaw N R Witte
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Leibnitz University, Hannover , Schneiderberg 1 B 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Institute of Chemistry , Humboldt University Berlin , Brook-Taylor Str. 2 , 12484 Berlin , Germany
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17
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Tanaka F, Enukonda J, Johnson S. C-Glycosidation of Unprotected Aldopentoses with Ketones Using Proline-Triethylamine as Catalyst. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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