1
|
Ford A, Mullins ND, Balzarini J, Maguire AR. Synthesis and Evaluation of Prodrugs of α-Carboxy Nucleoside Phosphonates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14793-14808. [PMID: 36283025 PMCID: PMC9639015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A range of lipophilic prodrugs of α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates, potent inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase without requiring prior phosphorylation, were synthesized to evaluate their in vivo potency against HIV in cell culture. A series of prodrug derivatives bearing a free carboxylic acid where the phosphonate was masked with bispivaloyloxymethyl, diisopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl, bisamidate, aryloxyphosphoramidate, hexadecyloxypropyl, CycloSal, and acycloxybenzyl moieties were synthesized, adapting existing methodologies for phosphonate protection to accommodate the adjacent carboxylic acid moiety. The prodrugs were assayed for anti-HIV activity in CEM cell cultures─the bispivaloyloxymethyl free acid monophosphonate prodrug exhibited some activity (inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) 59 ± 17 μM), while the other prodrugs were inactive at 100 μM. A racemic bispivaloyloxymethyl methyl ester monophosphonate prodrug was also prepared to assess the suitability of the methyl ester as a carboxylic acid prodrug. This compound exhibited no activity against HIV in cellular assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ford
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D. Mullins
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,School
of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ojeda-Porras AC, Roy V, Agrofoglio LA. Chemical Approaches to Carbocyclic Nucleosides. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100307. [PMID: 35119191 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are at the forefront of antiviral therapy for last decades. To circumvent some of their limitations, based on their metabolism, and in order to improve their anti-viral potency and selectivity, several families of nucleoside analogues have been described through structural modifications at the sugar and heterocycles. The replacement of the oxygen of the nucleoside by a methylene has led to the family of carbocyclic (or cyclopentane) nucleoside analogues. Various potent anti-HIV and anti-HBV drugs belong to this family. Main syntheses of carbocyclic analogues of nucleosides used Diels-Alder reactions (in racemic or asymmetric series), but also started from carbohydrates (ribose, glucose), as a source of optically active compounds, which then had to be transformed into carbacycles under various conditions. The growing interest in carbocyclic nucleosides has led several groups, including ours, to develop new analogues and to explore novel routes. This article will review some of the recent chemistry developed on selected five-membered ring carbocyclic nucleosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ojeda-Porras
- ICOA, Univ. Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Roy
- ICOA, Univ. Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Luigi A Agrofoglio
- ICOA, Univ. Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arcile G, Ouazzani J, Betzer JF. Efficient Piancatelli rearrangement on a large scale using the Zippertex technology under subcritical water conditions. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of furyl carbinols, which were directly obtained from a bio-sourced raw material, were efficiently transformed into cyclopentenone derivatives in good yields and on a large scale using the Zippertex technology under subcritical water conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Arcile
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Betzer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu W, Martinez S, Nguyen H, Xu H, Herdewijn P, De Jonghe S, Das K. Tenofovir-Amino Acid Conjugates Act as Polymerase Substrates-Implications for Avoiding Cellular Phosphorylation in the Discovery of Nucleotide Analogues. J Med Chem 2020; 64:782-796. [PMID: 33356231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide analogues are used for treating viral infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. To become polymerase substrates, a nucleotide analogue must be phosphorylated by cellular kinases which is rate-limiting. The goal of this study is to develop dNTP/NTP analogues directly from nucleotides. Tenofovir (TFV) analogues were synthesized by conjugating with amino acids. We demonstrate that some conjugates act as dNTP analogues and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) catalytically incorporates the TFV part as the chain terminator. X-ray structures in complex with HIV-1 RT/dsDNA showed binding of the conjugates at the polymerase active site, however, in different modes in the presence of Mg2+ versus Mn2+ ions. The adaptability of the compounds is seemingly essential for catalytic incorporation of TFV by RT. 4d with a carboxyl sidechain demonstrated the highest incorporation. 4e showed weak incorporation and rather behaved as a dNTP-competitive inhibitor. This result advocates the feasibility of designing NTP/dNTP analogues by chemical substitutions to nucleotide analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergio Martinez
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hoai Nguyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hongtao Xu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kalyan Das
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Herrero-Gomez E, van der Loo CHM, Huck L, Rioz-Martínez A, Keene NF, Li B, Pouwer K, Allais C. Photo-oxidation of Cyclopentadiene Using Continuous Processing: Application to the Synthesis of (1R,4S)-4-Hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-yl Acetate. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Huck
- Syncom B.V., Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nandell F. Keene
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bryan Li
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kees Pouwer
- Syncom B.V., Kadijk 3, 9747 AT Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Allais
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alpha-carboxynucleoside phosphonates: direct-acting inhibitors of viral DNA polymerases. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:137-154. [PMID: 30648904 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates represent a well-defined class of clinically used nucleoside analogs. All acyclic nucleoside phosphonates need intracellular phosphorylation before they can bind viral DNA polymerases. Recently, a novel class of alpha-carboxynucleoside phosphonates have been designed to mimic the natural 2'-deoxynucleotide 5'-triphosphate substrates of DNA polymerases. They contain a carboxyl group in the phosphonate moiety linked to the nucleobase through a cyclic or acyclic bridge. Alpha-carboxynucleoside phosphonates act as viral DNA polymerase inhibitors without any prior requirement of metabolic conversion. Selective inhibitory activity against retroviral reverse transcriptase and herpesvirus DNA polymerases have been demonstrated. These compounds have a unique mechanism of inhibition of viral DNA polymerases, and provide possibilities for further modifications to optimize and fine tune their antiviral DNA polymerase spectrum.
Collapse
|