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Zheng XF, Zhou DG, Yang LJ. DFT investigation of the DDQ-catalytic mechanism for constructing C-O bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3693-3707. [PMID: 38625132 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the photo-catalytic mechanisms for the construction of C-O bonds from arenes (benzene, 2',6'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, or 2,4-dichloro-1-fluorobenzene), catalyzed by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). All the structures for the Gibbs free surfaces were calculated at the M06-2X-D3/ma-def2-SVP level in the SMD solvent model. Also, TDDFT calculations of DDQ were performed at the PBE1PBE-D3/ma-def2-SVP level in the SMD solvent model. The computational results indicated that DDQ, serving as a photo-catalyst, would be excited under visible light of 450 nm, aligning well with experimental observations as reflected in the UV-vis spectrum. Gibbs free energy surface analyses of the three reactions suggested that the path involving 3DDQ* activating the reactant (-COOH, H2O, or CH3OH) is favorable. Additionally, the role of O2 was investigated, revealing that it could facilitate the recycling of DDQ by lowering the energy barrier for the conversion of the DDQH˙ radical (not DDQH2) into DDQ. The use of ρhole and ρele can reveal the photo-catalytic reaction and charge transfer processes, while localized orbital locator isosurfaces and electron spin density isosurface graphs were employed to analyze structures and elucidate the single electron distribution. These computational results offer valuable insights into the studied interactions and related processes, shedding light on the mechanisms governing C-O bond formation from arenes catalyzed by DDQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Zheng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Gang Zhou
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Huang X, Zhou J, Pei SC, Cui HL. TBHP/Et 3N-Promoted Chemoselective Formylation and Peroxidation of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6353-6363. [PMID: 38625867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient formylation of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives has been reached by the use of TBHP (tBuOOH) and Et3N as the mediator. In this strategy, CHO and CDO can be readily incorporated into heteroarenes by the utilization of CHCl3 and CDCl3 as the carbonyl sources. Interestingly, a solvent-controlled chemoselectivity was observed. The use of PhCl as a solvent resulted in dearomatization and peroxidation of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, delivering functionalized peroxides in 53-64% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Chen Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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3
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Liu CY, Zhao J, Pan CX, Mo DL, Ma XP, Huang WY. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Benzofurans with 2-(Chloromethyl)anilines through Radical Addition and Cyclization Cascade. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38190623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we described a copper(I)-catalyzed dearomatization of benzofurans with 2-(chloromethyl)anilines to prepare various tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]quinolines and 2-(quinolin-2-yl)phenols in good to excellent yields through radical addition and an intramolecular cyclization process. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2-(chloromethyl)anilines served as radical precursors. The present method features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, quinoline scaffold diversity, and radical addition dearomatization of benzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Molecular Screening and Druggability Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhi Yuan Road, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Molecular Screening and Druggability Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhi Yuan Road, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiao-Pan Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Molecular Screening and Druggability Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhi Yuan Road, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Wan-Yun Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Molecular Screening and Druggability Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhi Yuan Road, Guilin 541199, China
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4
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Huang X, Yu AN, Yang D, Gao X, Liang ST, Pei SC, Cui HL. Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Peroxylpyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines through Oxidative Dearomatization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15326-15334. [PMID: 37878683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A mild late-stage modification of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines was established through iron-catalyzed oxidative dearomatization and peroxidation. Peroxylated pyrroloisoquinolines have been prepared readily with hydroperoxide in low to good yields (up to 72%) at room temperature. Interestingly, the treatment of fully aromatized pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines under the current reaction system resulted in the formation of ring-opening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - An-Ni Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - De Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Chen Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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5
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Dworkin JH, Dehnert BW, Kwon O. When all C-C breaks LO-Ose. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 5:174-200. [PMID: 38108020 PMCID: PMC10725311 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides are becoming popular intermediates for novel chemical transformations. The weak O-O bond is readily reduced by transition metals, including iron and copper, to initiate a radical cascade process that breaks C-C bonds. Great potential exists for the rapid generation of complexity, originating from the ability to couple the resulting free radicals with a wide range of partners. First, this review article discusses the history and synthesis of organic peroxides, providing the context necessary to understand this methodology. Then, it highlights 91 examples of recent applications of the radical functionalization of C-C bonds accessed through the transition metal-mediated reduction of organic peroxides. Finally, we provide some comments about safety when working with organic peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy H. Dworkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Brady W. Dehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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Chalikidi PN, Magkoev TT, Gutnov AV, Demidov OP, Uchuskin MG, Trushkov IV, Abaev VT. One-Step Synthesis of Triphenylphosphonium Salts from (Het)arylmethyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9838-9846. [PMID: 34232646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two approaches for the synthesis of substituted phosphonium salts from easily available benzyl alcohols and their heterocyclic analogs have been developed. The developed protocols are complementary: the direct mixing of alcohol, trimethylsilyl bromide, and triphenylphosphine in 1,4-dioxane followed by heating at 80 °C was found to be more efficient for acid-sensitive substrates, such as salicyl or furfuryl alcohols as well as secondary benzyl alcohols, while a one-pot procedure including sequential addition of trimethylsilyl bromide and triphenylphosphine gave higher yields for benzyl alcohols bearing electroneutral or electron-withdrawing substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrakis N Chalikidi
- North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina st. 46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Taimuraz T Magkoev
- North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina st. 46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Gutnov
- North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina st. 46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russian Federation.,Chiroblock GmbH, Andresenstr. 1a, Wolfen, 06766, Germany
| | - Oleg P Demidov
- North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkin st. 1, Stavropol, 355009, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Perm State University, Bukireva st. 15, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation.,D. Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela st. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir T Abaev
- North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina st. 46, Vladikavkaz, 362025, Russian Federation.,North Caucasus Federal University, Pushkin st. 1, Stavropol, 355009, Russian Federation
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7
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Peralta-Neel Z, Woerpel KA. Hydroperoxidations of Alkenes using Cobalt Picolinate Catalysts. Org Lett 2021; 23:5002-5006. [PMID: 34125543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxides were synthesized in one step from various alkenes using Co(pic)2 as the catalyst with molecular oxygen and tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO). The hydration product could be obtained using a modified catalyst, Co(3-mepic)2, with molecular oxygen and phenylsilane. Formation of hydroperoxides occurred through a rapid Co-O bond metathesis of a peroxycobalt compound with isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Peralta-Neel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K A Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Vrubliauskas D, Vanderwal CD. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogen-Atom Transfer Induces Bicyclizations that Tolerate Electron-Rich and Electron-Deficient Intermediate Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6115-6121. [PMID: 31991035 PMCID: PMC7124983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel CoII -catalyzed polyene cyclization was developed that is uniquely effective when performed in hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent. The process is presumably initiated by metal-catalyzed hydrogen-atom transfer (MHAT) to 1,1-disubstituted or monosubstituted alkenes, and the reaction is remarkable for its tolerance of internal alkenes bearing either electron-rich methyl or electron-deficient nitrile substituents. Electron-rich aromatic terminators are required in both cases. Terpenoid scaffolds with different substitution patterns are obtained with excellent diastereoselectivities, and the bioactive C20-oxidized abietane diterpenoid carnosaldehyde was made to showcase the utility of the nitrile-bearing products. Also provided are the results of several mechanistic experiments that suggest the process features an MHAT-induced radical bicyclization with late-stage oxidation to regenerate the aromatic terminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Vrubliauskas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
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9
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Vrubliauskas D, Vanderwal CD. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer Induces Bicyclizations that Tolerate Electron‐Rich and Electron‐Deficient Intermediate Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Oswald JP, Woerpel KA. Cobalt-Catalyzed Intramolecular Silylperoxidation of Unsaturated Diisopropylsilyl Ethers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7564-7574. [PMID: 31046281 PMCID: PMC7189782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalyzed intramolecular silylperoxidation reaction was developed that allows for the conversion of unsaturated diisopropylsilyl ethers to 3-sila-1,2,4-trioxepanes. Reduction of the peroxide unit of the 3-sila-1,2,4-trioxepane yields six-membered ring diisopropylsilylene acetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Oswald
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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11
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Yuan B, Tang Z, Lin Y, Wang G, Fang L, Guo X, Zhao Y, Xie X, Chen J, He R. Insights into the mechanisms of Cu(i)-catalyzed heterocyclization of α-acyl-α-alkynyl ketene dithioacetals to form 3-cyanofurans: the roles of NH4OAc. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NH4OAc is decomposed into NH3 and HOAc, and both NH3 and HOAc as the proton shuttle can prompt catalytic reactions.
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