1
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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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2
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Kalarikkal MG, Drechsler C, Tusha G, Schäfer LV, Van Craen D. Chiroptical Recognition of Carboxylates with Charge-Neutral Double-Stranded Zinc(II) Helicates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301613. [PMID: 37518186 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chirality analysis of small molecules for the determination of their enantiopurity is nowadays ruled by streamlined chromatographic methods which utilize chiral stationary phases. Chiroptical probes which rely on host-guest interactions are so far overshadowed by the latter but have the benefit of depending only on common spectroscopic techniques such as CD spectroscopy to distinguish enantiomers and to quantify their ratio. Interest into this receptor-based approach is constantly rising because non-invasive high-throughput screenings with a minimal waste production can be performed. In this study we investigate the possibility to utilize metal-based containers in form of charge-neutral helicates able to recognize anions for this purpose. Key building block of the helicates are triazole units which show rotational freedom and give rise to either a meso-structure or a racemic mixture of the right- and left-handed complex. A chiroptical response of the probe is observed upon recognition of chiral mono- or dicarboxylates and chirality analysis of tartrate is conducted by CD spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika G Kalarikkal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gers Tusha
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars V Schäfer
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Van Craen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Zhao J, Yang CY, Hu L, Xu L, Dou WT. Cage-based sensors for circular dichroism analysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15303-15312. [PMID: 37547938 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative chiral sensing relying on circular dichroism (CD) is very important for determining the enantiomeric excess or concentration of small molecules without strong chromophores, because they form chiral complexes with sensors, yielding strong CD signals. Three-dimensional cages are promising platforms for chiral CD due to their stereochemical flexibility and their variety of cavity and external binding sites that can be used as chiral CD sensors. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances, future challenges, and opportunities in the quantitative sensing of small molecules in host-guest and peripheral complexes with cage sensors by chiral CD. We aim to provide inspiration for the rational design of cage sensors for quantitative chiral sensing of small molecules based on CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Yin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Tao Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
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4
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Penasa R, Begato F, Licini G, Wurst K, Abbate S, Longhi G, Zonta C. Fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) of a stereodynamic probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6714-6717. [PMID: 37191071 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of chiroptical techniques in combination with stereodynamic probes is becoming one of the leading strategies for chiral sensing. While in most of the reported studies circular dichroism (CD) is the adopted spectroscopic technique, examples regarding the use of vibrational CD (VCD), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and Raman optical activity (ROA) are emerging as innovative tools. In this communication, an anthracene-decorated tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine zinc complex (TPMA) is reported for its capability to act as a chiral sensor using either CD or fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD). The latter technique offers the unique possibility to determine the enantiomeric excess of a series of carboxylic acids at sensor concentrations down to 0.1 μM. Limitations and possibilities opened by the use of this methodology, in particular regarding the specificity of the probe in the presence of another contaminant, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Penasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Federico Begato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Giulia Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Università degli Studi di Brescia Viale Europa 11 - 25123 Brescia - BS (Italy) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Università degli Studi di Brescia Viale Europa 11 - 25123 Brescia - BS (Italy) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
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5
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Daneshvar Tarigh G. Enantioseparation/Recognition based on nano techniques/materials. J Sep Sci 2023:e2201065. [PMID: 37043692 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers show different behaviors in interaction with the chiral environment. Due to their identical chemical structure and their wide application in various industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pesticide, food, and so forth, their separation is of great importance. Today, the term "nano" is frequently encountered in all fields. Technology and measuring devices are moving towards miniaturization, and the usage of nanomaterials in all sectors is expanding substantially. Given that scientists have recently attempted to apply miniaturized techniques known as nano-liquid chromatography/capillary-liquid chromatography, which were originally accomplished in 1988, as well as the widespread usage of nanomaterials for chiral resolution (back in 1989), this comprehensive study was developed. Searching the terms "nano" and "enantiomer separation" on scientific websites such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science yields articles that either use miniaturized instruments or apply nanomaterials as chiral selectors with a variety of chemical and electrochemical detection techniques, which are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Daneshvar Tarigh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Yu Y, Yang G, Zhang S, Liu M, Xu S, Wang C, Li M, Zhang SXA. Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Chiral Sensing by Discrete 2D Chirality Transfer on Confined Surfaces of Au(I)-Thiolate Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2022; 16:148-159. [PMID: 34898188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) chiral sensing is very promising to meet the ever-increasing demands for high-throughput chiral analysis in asymmetric synthesis. However, it is still very challenging to sensitively quantify the composition of enantiomers in a wide concentration range because the existing sensing systems show either linear CD response resultant from stoichiometric chiral transfer or nonlinear CD response resultant from amplified chiral transfer and thus have the drawbacks of low sensitivity and narrow quantification range, respectively. Herein, we propose a sensing system of two-dimensional (2D) Au(I)-thiolate nanosheets. The disordered interligand interactions on the confined surfaces of nanosheets enable the formation of discrete amplified chiral domains around the adsorbed chiral analytes, resulting in a linearly amplified chiral transfer behavior, which provides a solution for highly sensitive and wide-range quantification of enantiomer compositions. Taking (1R, 2R)-(-)- and (1S, 2S)-(+)-1,2-diamino cyclohexanes as example analytes, the concentration and full-range enantiomeric excess (ee) values have been quickly determined by adsorbing them on the surface of Au(I)-MPA (MPA: 3-mercaptopropionic acid) nanosheets in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6 to 4.0 × 10-5 M. By engineering the surface functional groups, Au(I)-thiolate nanosheets can be extended to sense other types of analytes, and several polyols with multiple chiral centers have been sensed by boronic acid functionalized nanosheets at the 10-7 M level. The high performances, good extendibility, and one-pot high-yield aqueous synthesis ensure these Au(I)-thiolate nanosheets can be developed as a practical and powerful chiral sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Liu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujue Xu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China
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7
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Liang J, Qi N, Xing P, Hao A. Selective chiral recognition of achiral species in nanoclay coassemblies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Zhao J, Hao A, Xing P. Enhancing Optical Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives through Coassembly for High-Efficiency Synthesis of Chiroptical Nanomaterials and Accurate ee % Detection of Natural Acids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6830-6843. [PMID: 33502861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient protocols to enhance the optical activities of chiral self-assemblies is a key to realizing their chiroptical functions such as chiral sensing and displays. Here, we have reported a coassembly protocol to efficiently boost the chiroptical responses, whereby the synthesis of chiroptical nanomaterials and highly accurate detection of enantiomeric excess (ee %) were achieved. A series of benzimidazole derivatives with different topologies underwent spontaneous aggregation and symmetry breaking in solution, generating silent Cotton effects, yet exclusive weak left-handed circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The coassembly with natural hydroxyl acids via complementary H bonds afforded chiral nanostructures with emerged Cotton effects and enhanced CPL. Dissymmetry g-factors were dramatically boosted (glum from 1 × 10-3 to 5.5 × 10-2, gabs from 0 to 6.7 × 10-3). In addition, proof of concept of recognition and detection of natural chiral molecules was realized with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yan X, Wang Q, Chen X, Jiang YB. Supramolecular Chiral Aggregates Exhibiting Nonlinear CD-ee Dependence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905667. [PMID: 32876956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although a linear relationship between the optical activity (normally the CD signal) and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of chiral auxiliaries has been the most commonly observed dependence in dynamic supramolecular helical aggregates, positive nonlinear CD-ee dependence, known as the "majority-rules effect" (MRE), indicative of chiral amplification, has also been well documented and to some extent understood. In sharp contrast, the negative nonlinear CD-ee dependence has been much less reported and is not well understood. Here, the state of the art of both the positive and negative nonlinear CD-ee dependence in noncovalently bound supramolecular helical aggregates is summarized, with the hope that the vast examples of supramolecular aggregates showing positive nonlinear dependence, in terms of the methods of investigations, variations in the structure of the building block (single species or multiple species), and theoretical modeling using the mismatch penalty energy and helix reversal penalty energy, would help to guide the design of building blocks to form aggregates showing negative nonlinear dependence, and thus to understand the mechanisms. The potential applications of those functional supramolecular aggregates are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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10
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Pilicer SL, Wolf C. Ninhydrin Revisited: Quantitative Chirality Recognition of Amines and Amino Alcohols Based on Nondestructive Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11560-11565. [PMID: 32791837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to chiral recognition of small molecules using the classical ninhydrin agent is introduced. Well-defined dynamic covalent chemistry with amines and amino alcohols was developed and applied to quantitative ee sensing with good accuracy using a straightforward mixing protocol and subsequent circular dichroism measurements. This chiroptical assay is fast, broadly useful, practical and repurposes an inexpensive reagent known for more than 100 years in a new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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11
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Pilicer SL, Dragna JM, Garland A, Welch CJ, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. High-Throughput Determination of Enantiopurity by Microplate Circular Dichroism. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10858-10864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Pilicer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | | | - Adam Garland
- Water Lens, LLC, Houston, Texas 77027, United States
| | - Christopher J. Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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12
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Wei G, Jiang Y, Wang F. A achiral AIEE-active polymer-Cu(II) complex sensor for highly selective and enantioselective recognition of histidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Qin M, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xing C, Zhao C, Dou X, Feng C. Visible Enantiomer Discrimination via Diphenylalanine-Based Chiral Supramolecular Self-Assembly on Multiple Platforms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2524-2533. [PMID: 32090561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of enantioselective recognition is of great significance in medical science and pharmaceutical industry, which associates with the molecular recognition phenomenon widely observed in biological systems. In particular, the facile and straight achievement of visual enantioselective recognition has been drawing increasing consideration, but it is still a challenge. Herein, a heterochiral diphenylalanine-based gelator (LFDF) is synthesized, presenting left-handed nanofibers during self-assembly in ethanol, which accomplishes the phenylalaninol enantiomer recognition on multiple platforms. When adding l- or d-phenylalaninol into LFDF supramolecular solution followed by ultrasonic treatment, precipitate and gel are formed, respectively. Meanwhile, LFDF supramolecular gel completely collapses in a minute after dropping l-phenylalaninol, while the gel almost remains when d-type is employed. Moreover, a fluorescent supramolecular xerogel (ThT-LFDF) is fabricated by combining the LFDF gelator with thioflavine T (ThT), which could detect l-phenylalaninol accompanying with fluorescence quenching while d-type with barely decreasing. And the ThT-LFDF xerogel system shows a good sensitivity (reaches to ppm) for the detection of l-phenylalaninol. It is found that the chirality of the assembled nanofibers, as well as amino and carboxyl of phenylalaninol, plays a critical role on the discrimination process. The multiple and visible enantioselective recognition of phenylalaninol through chiral supramolecular self-assemblies shows potential applications in the fields of medical science and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggao Qin
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xing
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Feng
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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14
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Hassan DS, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Stereochemical analysis of chiral amines, diamines, and amino alcohols: Practical chiroptical sensing based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chirality 2020; 32:457-463. [PMID: 32027416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Practical chiroptical sensing with a small group of commercially available aromatic aldehydes is demonstrated. Schiff base formation between the electron-deficient 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde probe and either primary amines, diamines, or amino alcohols proceeds smoothly in chloroform at room temperature and is completed in the presence of molecular sieves within 2.5 hours. The substrate binding coincides with a distinct circular dichroism signal induction at approximately 330 nm, which can be correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The usefulness of this sensing method is highlighted with the successful sensing of 18 aliphatic and aromatic amines and amino alcohols and five examples showing quantitative %ee determination with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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15
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Sheykhi S, Mosca L, Pushina M, Dey K, Anzenbacher P. Exploiting fluorescent zinc( ii) and copper( ii) complexes for enantiomeric excess determination of hydroxycarboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8964-8967. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent Zn(ii) complexes with quinolino-1,2-diaminocylohexane ligands recognize enantiomeric excess in scalemic mixtures of α-hydroxycarboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheykhi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Mariia Pushina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Kaustav Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
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16
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De los Santos ZA, MacAvaney S, Russell K, Wolf C. Tandem Use of Optical Sensing and Machine Learning for the Determination of Absolute Configuration, Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Ratios, and Concentration of Chiral Samples. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean MacAvaney
- Department of Computer Science Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Katina Russell
- Department of Computer Science Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
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17
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De Los Santos ZA, MacAvaney S, Russell K, Wolf C. Tandem Use of Optical Sensing and Machine Learning for the Determination of Absolute Configuration, Enantiomeric and Diastereomeric Ratios, and Concentration of Chiral Samples. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2440-2448. [PMID: 31714669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an optical method for accurate concentration, er, and dr analysis of amino alcohols based on a simple mix-and-measure workflow that is fully adaptable to multiwell plate technology and microscale analysis. The conversion of the four aminoindanol stereoisomers with salicylaldehyde to the corresponding Schiff base allows analysis of the dr based on a change in the UV maximum at 420 nm that is very different for the homo- and heterochiral diastereomers and of the concentration of the sample using a hypsochromic shift of another absorption band around 340 nm that is independent of the analyte stereochemistry. Subsequent in situ formation of CuII assemblies in the absence and presence of base enables quantification of the er values for each diastereomeric pair by CD analysis. Applying a linear programming method and a parameter sweep algorithm, we determined the concentration and relative amounts of each of the four stereoisomers in 20 samples of vastly different stereoisomeric compositions with an averaged absolute percent error of 1.7 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean MacAvaney
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Katina Russell
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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Zheng L, Zhan Y, Ye L, Zheng D, Wang Y, Zhang K, Jiang H. Chiral Induction and Remote Chiral Communication in Quinoline Oligoamide Foldamers for Determination of Enantiomeric Excess and Absolute Configuration of Chiral Amines and Their Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:14162-14168. [PMID: 31389064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two pentameric foldamers, Q5 and Q5C-S, containing a C-F bond were synthesized based on quinoline oligamide foldamers for the measurement of enantiomeric excess and for the determination of absolute configuration of chiral amines, diamines, amino alcohols, and α-amino acid esters. Chiral induction of Q5 was triggered in situ when the chiral analytes reacted with the C-F bond in Q5 by a N-nucleophilic substitution reaction, leading to a linear correlation between the CD amplitude at the region of quinoline chromophores and the ee values of the chiral analytes, which can be used for the ee determination of chiral analytes. Furthermore, the CD intensity of Q5C-S containing a chiral motif at its C-terminus enhances via remote, favorable chiral communication when the chiral induction was triggered in situ by chiral analytes at the N-terminus matches the original helicity of Q5C-S, but decreases via remote, conflicted chiral communication when the chiral induction is triggered in situ by chiral molecules at the N-terminus mismatches the original one. The system can thus be used for determination of the absolute configuration of chiral analytes, given that the chirality of the chiral motif at the C-terminus of Q5C-S is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China.,International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, 529040, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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Thanzeel FY, Sripada A, Wolf C. Quantitative Chiroptical Sensing of Free Amino Acids, Biothiols, Amines, and Amino Alcohols with an Aryl Fluoride Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16382-16387. [PMID: 31564090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric ratio, and total amount of standard amino acids by optical methods adaptable to high-throughput screening with modern plate readers has remained a major challenge to date. We now present a small-molecular probe that smoothly reacts with amino acids and biothiols in aqueous solution and thereby generates distinct chiroptical responses to accomplish this task. The achiral sensor is readily available, inexpensive, and suitable for chiroptical analysis of each of the 19 standard amino acids, biothiols, aliphatic, and aromatic amines and amino alcohols. The sensing method is operationally simple, and data collection and processing are straightforward. The utility and practicality of the assay are demonstrated with the accurate analysis of 10 aspartic acid samples covering a wide concentration range and largely varying enantiomeric compositions. Accurate er sensing of 85 scalemic samples of Pro, Met, Cys, Ala, methylpyrrolidine, 1-(2-naphthyl)amine, and mixtures thereof is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Archita Sripada
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
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Gogoi A, Mazumder N, Konwer S, Ranawat H, Chen NT, Zhuo GY. Enantiomeric Recognition and Separation by Chiral Nanoparticles. Molecules 2019; 24:E1007. [PMID: 30871182 PMCID: PMC6470864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules are stereoselective with regard to specific biological functions. Enantiomers differ considerably in their physiological reactions with the human body. Safeguarding the quality and safety of drugs requires an efficient analytical platform by which to selectively probe chiral compounds to ensure the extraction of single enantiomers. Asymmetric synthesis is a mature approach to the production of single enantiomers; however, it is poorly suited to mass production and allows for only specific enantioselective reactions. Furthermore, it is too expensive and time-consuming for the evaluation of therapeutic drugs in the early stages of development. These limitations have prompted the development of surface-modified nanoparticles using amino acids, chiral organic ligands, or functional groups as chiral selectors applicable to a racemic mixture of chiral molecules. The fact that these combinations can be optimized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and enantioselectivity makes them ideal for enantiomeric recognition and separation. In chiral resolution, molecules bond selectively to particle surfaces according to homochiral interactions, whereupon an enantiopure compound is extracted from the solution through a simple filtration process. In this review article, we discuss the fabrication of chiral nanoparticles and look at the ways their distinctive surface properties have been adopted in enantiomeric recognition and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gogoi
- Department of Physics, Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat, Assam 785001, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Surajit Konwer
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India.
| | - Harsh Ranawat
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
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