1
|
Lee A, Yang JH, Oh JH, Hay BP, Lee K, Lynch VM, Sessler JL, Kim SK. Cyclo[2]carbazole[2]pyrrole: a preorganized calix[4]pyrrole analogue. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1218-1226. [PMID: 36756337 PMCID: PMC9891360 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyclo[2]carbazole[2]pyrrole (2) consisting of two carbazoles and two pyrroles has been synthesized by directly linking the carbazole 1- and 8-carbon atoms to the pyrrole α-carbon atoms. Macrocycle 2 is an extensively conjugated 16-membered macrocyclic ring that is fixed in a pseudo-1,3-alternate conformation. This provides a preorganized anion binding site consisting of two pyrrole subunits. 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis revealed that only the two diagonally opposed pyrrole NH protons, as opposed to the carbazole protons, take part in anion binding. Nevertheless, cyclo[2]carbazole[2]pyrrole 2 binds representative anions with higher affinity in CD2Cl2 than calix[4]pyrrole (1), a well-studied non-conjugated tetrapyrrole macrocycle that binds anions via four pyrrolic NH hydrogen bond interactions. On the basis of computational studies, the higher chloride anion affinity of receptor 2 relative to 1 is rationalized in terms of a larger binding energy and a lower host strain energy associated with anion complexation. In the presence of excess fluoride or bicarbonate anions, compound 2 loses two pyrrolic NH protons to produce a stable dianionic macrocycle [2-2H]2- displaying a quenched fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do 52828 Korea
| | - Ju Ho Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do 52828 Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do 52828 Korea
| | | | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju52828Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin105 E. 24th, Street-Stop A5300AustinTexas 78712-1224USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin105 E. 24th, Street-Stop A5300AustinTexas 78712-1224USA
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University Jinju-si Gyeongsangnam-do 52828 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsumoto H, Okujima T, Mori S, Bacilla ACC, Takase M, Uno H, Kobayashi N. Cyclo[9]pyrrole: Selective Synthesis of [34]Nonaphyrin(0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0). Org Lett 2021; 23:3442-3446. [PMID: 33962513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo[9]pyrrole, a ring-expanded porphyrin without meso-bridges and having an odd number of pyrroles, was synthesized via the oxidative coupling of 2,2':5',2″-terpyrrole. X-ray crystallography showed a C2-like symmetry with a large root-mean-square deviation. The optical properties and electronic structures were analyzed using magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.,Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ana C C Bacilla
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee B, Willis AC, Ward JS, Smith WT, Lan P, Banwell MG. Iterative Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling/Bromo-desilylation Reaction Sequences for the Assembly of Chemically Well-defined, Acyclic Oligopyrrole/Benzenoid Hybrids Embodying Mixed Modes of Connectivity. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3059-3081. [PMID: 32749069 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of a range of chemically well-defined oligopyrrole/benzenoid hybrids are described using tandem Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling/bromo-desilyation reaction sequences for linking borylated pyrroles, halogenated pyrroles and/or dibromobenzenes to one another. By such means, including iterative variants, a range of all α-linked, all β-linked oligopyrroles as well as certain combinations thereof have been assembled, some of them for the first time. The conductivities of iodine-treated thin films formed from certain such systems have been determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BoRa Lee
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony C Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jas S Ward
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632/, Zhuhai, 519070, Guangdong, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632/, Zhuhai, 519070, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zafar H, Brewster JT, Wight CD, McVeigh M, Steinbrück A, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Synthesis of α,α’-linked penta- and septaheterocycles by tandem Suzuki coupling. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of oligoaromatics can provide materials of wide utility. Here, we describe the preparation of higher order oligoheterocycles via a tandem Suzuki cross-coupling protocol. This method has allowed for the iterative construction of fluorescent [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-linked penta- and septaheterocyclic systems with modification of the terminal moiety allowing for fine-tuning of the emission features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - James T. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Christopher D. Wight
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Matthew McVeigh
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Axel Steinbrück
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
- Institute for Supramolecular and Catalytic Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kishore MVN, Panda PK. Revisiting the intense NIR active bronzaphyrin, a 26-π aromatic expanded porphyrin: synthesis and structural analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13135-13138. [PMID: 30402647 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07752e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dithiabronzaphyrin, with intense absorption and fluorescence in the NIR region, was synthesized as its β-octaethyl analogue via a thiophene bridged terpyrrole. Solid state structural characterization obtained for the first time revealed inversion of the thiophene rings. Studies showed that there is no effect from protonation or temperature on the structural rigidity of the macrocycle. Crystal packing revealed four open dimeric trifluoroacetate [(CF3COO)2H]- moieties binding to the macrocycle in the protonated form via H bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Nanda Kishore
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|