1
|
Sun Q, Xu Y, Yang L, Zheng CL, Wang G, Wang HB, Fang Z, Wang CS, Guo K. Direct C-H Sulfuration: Synthesis of Disulfides, Dithiocarbamates, Xanthates, Thiocarbamates and Thiocarbonates. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400124. [PMID: 38421239 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In light of the important biological activities and widespread applications of organic disulfides, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, the continual persuit of efficient methods for their synthesis remains crucial. Traditionally, the preparation of such compounds heavily relied on intricate multi-step syntheses and the use of highly prefunctionalized starting materials. Over the past two decades, the direct sulfuration of C-H bonds has evolved into a straightforward, atom- and step-economical method for the preparation of organosulfur compounds. This review aims to provide an up-to-date discussion on direct C-H disulfuration, dithiocarbamation, xanthylation, thiocarbamation and thiocarbonation, with a special focus on describing scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations and applications of some of these methodologies, along with the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future are also discussed. The majority of examples covered in this review are accomplished via metal-free, photochemical or electrochemical approaches, which are in alignment with the overraching objectives of green and sustainable chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent advancements, providing valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies for these crucial classes of organosulfur compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chun-Ling Zheng
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Guowei Wang
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chang-Sheng Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monteith JJ, Pearson JW, Rousseaux SAL. Photocatalytic O- to S-Rearrangement of Tertiary Cyclopropanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402912. [PMID: 38418404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of heteroatom-substituted cyclopropane derivatives in drug design and organic synthesis, cyclopropanethiols remain critically underexplored. Inspired by the wide use of the Newman-Kwart rearrangement to access valuable thiophenols from phenol feedstocks, we report the development of a photocatalytic approach for efficient ambient temperature aliphatic O- to S-rearrangement on tertiary cyclopropanol derivatives. After demonstrating that a range of cyclopropanethiols-that are difficult to access by other methods-can be obtained with this strategy, we show that these rearranged products can be easily hydrolyzed and further derivatized. We conclude this study with mechanistic findings that enabled an initial extension of this approach toward other classes of aliphatic alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - James W Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Deng L, Guo H, Wan JP. Annulative Nonaromatic Newman-Kwart-Type Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Sulfur Heteroaryls. Org Lett 2024; 26:46-50. [PMID: 38149825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
By employing enaminones and thiuram disulfides as starting materials, the frontiers of Newman-Kwart rearrangement have been expanded to the alkenyl system for the first time. In addition, instead of leading to the formation of simple carbamothioates, the rearrangement has led to the unprecedented construction of S-heteroaryls. Depending on the differences in the enaminone structure, the efficient synthesis of functionalized isothiazoles and thiophenes has been achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Leiling Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Haijin Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ying L, Chen Y, Song X, Song Z. Metal-Free Thiocarbamation of Quinolinones: Direct Access to 3,4-Difunctionalized Quinolines and Quinolinonyl Thiocarbamates at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13894-13907. [PMID: 37703192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel and practical method for the preparation of difunctionalized quinolines, bearing a thiocarbamate group at the C3-position and an acyloxyl group at the C4-position, and quinolinonyl thiocarbamates from quinolinones, tetraalkylthiuram disulfides, and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has been developed via thiocarbamation of quinolinones at room temperature. The present method features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance with diverse functional groups, and a wide substrate scope, providing the desired products in good yields. Furthermore, this transformation is easy to scale up, and the desired products can be readily converted to heterocyclic thiols. Most importantly, this protocol allows for the late-stage thiocarbamation of bioactive compounds. Mechanistic studies show that radicals may be involved in this transformation, water is probably the oxygen source of thiocarbamates, and difunctionalized quinolines are possibly formed via nucleophilic attack of carboxylic anions, which derive from hypervalent iodine(III) reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiangrui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sonego JM, de Diego SI, Szajnman SH, Gallo-Rodriguez C, Rodriguez JB. Organoselenium Compounds: Chemistry and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300030. [PMID: 37378970 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenium, originally described as a toxin, turns out to be a crucial trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimer, selenocystine. From the point of view of drug developments, selenium-containing drugs are isosteres of sulfur and oxygen with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability. In this article, we have focused on the relevant features of the selenium atom, above all, the corresponding synthetic approaches to access a variety of organoselenium molecules along with the proposed reaction mechanisms. The preparation and biological properties of selenosugars, including selenoglycosides, selenonucleosides, selenopeptides, and other selenium-containing compounds will be treated. We have attempted to condense the most important aspects and interesting examples of the chemistry of selenium into a single article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sonego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sheila I de Diego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio H Szajnman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Newton TD, Li K, Sharma J, Champagne PA, Pluth MD. Direct hydrogen selenide (H 2Se) release from activatable selenocarbamates. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7581-7588. [PMID: 37449078 PMCID: PMC10337719 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) is a possible bioregulator, potential gasotransmitter, and important precursor in biological organoselenium compound synthesis. Early tools for H2Se research have benefitted from available mechanistic understanding of analogous small molecules developed for detecting or delivering H2S. A now common approach for H2S delivery is the use of small molecule thiocarbamates that can be engineered to release COS, which is quickly converted to H2S by carbonic anhydrase. To expand our understanding of the chemical underpinnings that enable H2Se delivery, we investigated whether selenocarbamates undergo similar chemistry to release carbonyl selenide (COSe). Using both light- and hydrolysis-activated systems, we demonstrate that unlike their lighter thiocarbamate congeners, selenocarbamates release H2Se directly with concomitant isocyanate formation rather than by the intermediate release of COSe. This reaction mechanism for direct H2Se release is further supported by computational investigations that identify a ΔΔG‡ ∼ 25 kcal mol-1 between the H2Se and COSe release pathways in the absence of protic solvent. This work highlights fundamentally new approaches for H2Se release from small molecules and advances the understanding of reactivity differences between reactive sulfur and selenium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turner D Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Keyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey 07103 USA
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey 07103 USA
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bi WZ, Zhang WJ, Li ZJ, He YH, Feng SX, Geng Y, Chen XL, Qu LB. Visible-light-promoted synthesis of secondary and tertiary thiocarbamates from thiosulfonates and N-substituted formamides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8701-8705. [PMID: 34590107 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A general visible-light-promoted metal-free synthesis of secondary and tertiary thiocarbamates starting from thiosulfonates and N-substituted formamides is developed. By employing rhodamine B as a photocatalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant, a wide scope of thiocarbamates can be obtained through direct thiolation of acyl C-H bonds under irradiation of blue light at room temperature for 12 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhu Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zi-Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuan-Hao He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva MS, Alves D, Hartwig D, Jacob RG, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Selenium‐NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Synthesis: From Structural Characterization Toward New Investigations. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio S. Silva
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Daniela Hartwig
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan D, Ng ZX, Ganguly R, Li Y, Soo HS, Mohamed S, García F. Investigating the solid-state assembly of pharmaceutically-relevant N, N-dimethyl- O-thiocarbamates in the absence of labile hydrogen bonds. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many active pharmaceutical ingredients that lack N–H, O–H and S–H hydrogen-bond donor functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gilbert AK, Zhao Y, Otteson CE, Pluth MD. Development of Acid-Mediated H 2S/COS Donors That Respond to a Specific pH Window. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14469-14475. [PMID: 31479268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a biologically relevant molecule, and recent efforts have focused on developing small molecular donors that deliver H2S on demand. Acid-activated donors have garnered significant interest due to the potential application of such systems in myocardial ischemia injury or for suppressing tumor growth. In this work, we report a new strategy for tuning H2S delivery to a specific pH window. Specifically, we utilize self-immolative thiocarbamates with an imine-derived triggering group. After imine hydrolysis, the self-immolative decomposition releases carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly hydrolyzed to H2S by carbonic anhydrase. Although acid-mediated hydrolysis results in imine cleavage, environments that are too acidic result in protonation of the aniline intermediate and results in inhibition of COS/H2S release. Taken together, this mechanism enables access to donor motifs that are only activated within specific pH windows. Here, we demonstrate the design, preparation, and pH evaluation of a series of imine-based COS/H2S donor motifs, which we anticipate that will have utility in investigating H2S in acidic microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie K Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| |
Collapse
|