1
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Hooson JF, Tran HN, Bian KJ, West JG. Simple, catalytic C(sp 3)-H azidation using the C-H donor as the limiting reagent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38477139 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
C-N bonds play a critical role in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sciences, necessitating ever-better methods to forge this linkage. Here we report a simple procedure for direct C(sp3)-H azidation using iron or manganese catalysis and a nucleophilic azide source. All reagents are commercially available, the experimental procedure is simple, and we can use the C-H donor substrate as the limiting reagent, a challenge for many C-H azidation methods. Preliminary experiments are consistent with a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)/radical ligand transfer (RLT) radical cascade mechanism and a wide variety of substrates can be azidated in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Hooson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hai N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Duan B, Zhou L, Song X, Song Z. Metal-Free Oxidative Dearomatization-Alkoxylation/Acyloxylation of Indoles: Synthesis of 2-Monosubstituted Indolin-3-ones. Org Lett 2023; 25:7678-7682. [PMID: 37819012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free route for the preparation of 2-monosubstituted indolin-3-ones, including 2-alkoxyindolin-3-ones and 2-acyloxyindolin-3-ones from commercially available indoles, has been developed employing (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene (PIFA) as an oxidant. The present protocol features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance with diverse functional groups, and a wide substrate scope, affording the desired products in good yields. This transformation is easy to scale up, and the desired products can be further modified. Most importantly, this method is suitable for the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules. Mechanism studies show that this transformation involves metal-free radical dearomatization and oxygenation. Furthermore, this method also provides a practical and efficient way to prepare indolin-3-ones from commercially available reagents in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bingbing Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiangrui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zengqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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3
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Roy S, Panja S, Sahoo SR, Chatterjee S, Maiti D. Enroute sustainability: metal free C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2391-2479. [PMID: 36924227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The term "C-H functionalisation" incorporates C-H activation followed by its transformation. In a single line, this can be defined as the conversion of carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. The catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds using transition metals has emerged as an atom-economical technique to engender new bonds without activated precursors which can be considered as a major drawback while attempting large-scale synthesis. Replacing the transition-metal-catalysed approach with a metal-free strategy significantly offers an alternative route that is not only inexpensive but also environmentally benign to functionalize C-H bonds. Recently metal free synthetic approaches have been flourishing to functionalize C-H bonds, motivated by the search for greener, cost-effective, and non-toxic catalysts. In this review, we will highlight the comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on recent examples of ground-breaking research on green and sustainable metal-free C-H bond functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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4
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Aisikaer A, Ma J, Li J, Li X. Hydroazidation of phenacylideneoxindoles: Synthesis of 3-substituted 3-azido-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones via anti-electron addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment III. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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6
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Zhou Z, Pi S, Wang R. Metal‐and Base‐Free Oxidative Cleavage of C(O)−C Bond in Ketones to Access Esters. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis&Waste Recycling Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104 P. R. of China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Central Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha Hunan 410004 P. R. of China
| | - Shaofeng Pi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis&Waste Recycling Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104 P. R. of China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Central Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha Hunan 410004 P. R. of China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis&Waste Recycling Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104 P. R. of China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Central Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha Hunan 410004 P. R. of China
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7
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Mironova IA, Kirsch SF, Zhdankin V, Yoshimura A, Yusubov MS. Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Azidation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Mironova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften GERMANY
| | - Viktor Zhdankin
- University of Minnesota Duluth Chemistry 1039 University Dr 55812 Duluth UNITED STATES
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Aomori University: Aomori Daigaku Department of Pharmacy JAPAN
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Tomskij politehniceskij universitet Chemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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8
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Shee M, Singh NDP. Chemical versatility of azide radical: journey from a transient species to synthetic accessibility in organic transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2255-2312. [PMID: 35229836 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The generation of azide radical (N3˙) occurs from its precursors primarily via a single electron transfer (SET) process or homolytic cleavage by chemical methods or advanced photoredox/electrochemical methods. This in situ generated transient open-shell species has unique characteristic features that set its reactivity. In the past, the azide radical was widely used for various studies in radiation chemistry as a 1e- oxidant of biologically important molecules, but now it is being exploited for synthetic applications based on its addition and intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) abilities. Due to the significant role of nitrogen-containing molecules in synthesis, drug discovery, biological, and material sciences, the direct addition onto unsaturated bonds for the simultaneous construction of C-N bond with other (C-X) bonds are indeed worth highlighting. Moreover, the ability to generate O- or C-centered radicals by N3˙ via electron transfer (ET) and intermolecular HAT processes is also well documented. The purpose of controlling the reactivity of this short-lived intermediate in organic transformations drives us to survey: (i) the history of azide radical and its structural properties (thermodynamic, spectroscopic, etc.), (ii) chemical reactivities and kinetics, (iii) methods to produce N3˙ from various precursors, (iv) several significant azide radical-mediated transformations in the field of functionalization with unsaturated bonds, C-H functionalization via HAT, tandem, and multicomponent reaction with a critical analysis of underlying mechanistic approaches and outcomes, (v) concept of taming the reactivity of azide radicals for potential opportunities, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniklal Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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9
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Pastor M, Vayer M, Weinstabl H, Maulide N. Electrochemical Umpolung C-H Functionalization of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:606-612. [PMID: 34962127 PMCID: PMC8749966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present
a general electrochemical method to access unsymmetrical
3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by direct C–H functionalization
where the oxindole fragment behaves as an electrophile. This Umpolung
approach does not rely on stoichiometric oxidants and proceeds under
mild, environmentally benign conditions. Importantly, it enables the
functionalization of these scaffolds through C–O, and by extension
to C–C or even C–N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pastor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Vayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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11
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Zhang H, Sun MC, Yin LM, Wei D, Song MP, Yang D, Niu JL. Direct intramolecular C(sp 3)–H bond sulfonamidation to synthesize benzosultam derivatives under metal-free conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular C(sp3)–H bond amination under metal-free conditions has been developed to provide a straightforward method for the synthesis of 5-membered cyclic sulfonamides (benzosultams).
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Chan Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yin
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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12
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Ge L, Chiou MF, Li Y, Bao H. Radical azidation as a means of constructing C(sp3)-N3 bonds. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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13
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Uyanik M, Sahara N, Tsukahara M, Hattori Y, Ishihara K. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative α‐Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Naoto Sahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Mayuko Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuhei Hattori
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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14
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Uyanik M, Sahara N, Tsukahara M, Hattori Y, Ishihara K. Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative α‐Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17110-17117. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Naoto Sahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Mayuko Tsukahara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuhei Hattori
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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15
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Song S, Meng Y, Li Q, Wei W. Recent Progress in the Construction of C−N Bonds
via
Metal‐Free Radical C(
sp
3
)−H Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Zhe Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Nan Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
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16
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Rodríguez-Ferrer P, Naharro D, Maestro A, Andrés JM, Pedrosa R. Chiral Bifunctional Thiosquaramides as Organocatalysts in the Synthesis of Enantioenriched 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez-Ferrer
- Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Daniel Naharro
- Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Alicia Maestro
- Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José M. Andrés
- Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Rafael Pedrosa
- Instituto CINQUIMA and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; Paseo de Belén 7 47011 Valladolid Spain
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17
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Ohnishi R, Sugawara M, Akakabe M, Ezawa T, Koshino H, Sohtome Y, Sodeoka M. Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Dimer‐Derived Persistent Tertiary‐Carbon‐Centered Radicals with Azo Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Ohnishi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama Japan
| | - Masumi Sugawara
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Mai Akakabe
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ezawa
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Molecular Structure Characterization UnitTechnology Platform Division RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku Saitama Japan
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18
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Budhwan R, Yadav S, Murarka S. Late stage functionalization of heterocycles using hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6326-6341. [PMID: 31215580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Late stage functionalization (LSF) through direct X-H manipulations (X = C, N) enables synthetic chemists to accelerate the diversification of natural products, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals allowing rapid access to novel bioactive molecules without resorting to arduous de novo synthesis. LSF does not only allow tapping of the hitherto unexplored chemical space but also renders the synthetic sequence more straightforward, atom economical and cost-effective. In this regard, the recent decade has witnessed the emergence of hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents as a powerful synthetic tool owing to their easy availability, mild reaction conditions, remarkable oxidizing properties and high functional group tolerance. Iodine(iii) reagents have tremendous applications in the regio- and chemo-selective late-stage functionalization of a diverse variety of heterocycles through an exciting range of transformations, such as oxidative amination, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), fluoroalkylation, azidation, halogenation and oxidation. The present review, classified according to the types of synthetic methods involved, encompasses all these recent developments in the field of transition-metal-free iodine(iii)-catalyzed/mediated direct functionalizations of heterocycles with representative examples and insightful mechanistic discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Budhwan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH-65 Nagaur Road, Karwar - 342037, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India.
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19
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Wang Y, Li Q, Fang Y, Gao L, Song S, Dong Y, Wei W. Potassium‐Persulfate‐Promoted Regioselective Azidation/Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yi‐Lin Fang
- Department of ChemistryGuilin Normal College No. 9, Feihu Road Gulin China 541199
| | - Le‐Han Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Si‐Zhe Song
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Youren Dong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Wen‐Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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20
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Holzschneider K, Mohr F, Kirsch SF. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3,3-Diazidooxindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:7066-7070. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Holzschneider
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Stefan F. Kirsch
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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