1
|
Chen PH, Hsu SJ, Chen CC, Fu JC, Hou DR. Synthesis of Diarylamines via Nitrosonium-Initiated C-N Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10316-10326. [PMID: 38950197 PMCID: PMC11267615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich diarylamines, exemplified by anisole-derived amines, play pivotal roles in process chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials. In this study, homo-diarylamines were synthesized directly from the C-H activation of electron-rich arenes by sodium nitrate/trifluoroacetic acid and the successive treatment of iron powder. Mechanistic investigations reveal that nitrosoarene serves as the reaction intermediate, and the formation of the second C-N bond between the resulting nitrosoarene and electron-rich arene is catalyzed by the nitrosonium ion (NO+). Thus, hetero-diarylamines were synthesized using preformed nitrosoarenes and various electron-rich arenes. This reaction complements a range of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by transition metal catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Fu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da Rd., Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Jesus R, Hiesinger K, van Gemmeren M. Preparative Scale Applications of C-H Activation in Medicinal Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306659. [PMID: 37283078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation is an attractive methodology to increase molecular complexity without requiring substrate prefunctionalization. In contrast to well-established cross-coupling methods, C-H activation is less explored on large scales and its use in the production of pharmaceuticals faces substantial hurdles. However, the inherent advantages, such as shorter synthetic routes and simpler starting materials, motivate medicinal chemists and process chemists to overcome these challenges, and exploit C-H activation steps for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we will cover examples of drugs/drug candidates where C-H activation has been implemented on a preparative synthetic scale (range between 355 mg and 130 kg). The optimization processes will be described, and each example will be examined in terms of its advantages and disadvantages, providing the reader with an in-depth understanding of the challenges and potential of C-H activation methodologies in the production of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Jesus
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hiesinger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choy PY, Tse MH, Kwong FY. Recent Expedition in Pd- and Rh-Catalyzed C (Ar) -B Bond Formations and Their Applications in Modern Organic Syntheses. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300649. [PMID: 37655883 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed borylation has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy for synthesizing organoboron compounds. These compounds have found widespread applications in various aspects, including organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. This review provides a concise summary of the recent advances in palladium- and rhodium-catalyzed borylation from 2013 to 2023. The review covers the representative examples of catalysts, substrates scope and reaction conditions, with particular emphasis on the development of catalyst systems, such as phosphine ligands, NHC-carbene, and more. The diverse array of borylative products obtained for further applications in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, and other transformations, are also discussed. Future directions in this rapidly evolving field, with the goal of designing more efficient, selective borylation methodologies are highlighted, too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pui Ying Choy
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10. Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen, 518507, P. R. China
| | - Man Ho Tse
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10. Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen, 518507, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bobko MA, Elward JM, Naidu BN, Nieves-Quinones YE, Reiher CA, Su Q, Sun L, Woodard J, Xie S, Yang W, Yin Y. Expeditious Synthesis of a Potent Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor GSK3839919A. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bobko
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Elward
- Molecular Design, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Yexenia E. Nieves-Quinones
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Christopher A. Reiher
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Qiaogong Su
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Liang Sun
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Woodard
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Shiping Xie
- Drug Substance Development, GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Wuxing Yang
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxing Yin
- Chemistry Service Unit, WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 168 Nanhai Road, Tianjin 300457, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Xu L, Ma D. Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Sulfonamides with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides/Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210483. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Lu Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lanting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
You T, Li J. Ni(cod)(duroquinone)-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling for the Synthesis of N, N-Diarylsulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6642-6646. [PMID: 36067509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a C-N cross-coupling reaction of weakly nucleophilic N-arylsulfonamides and aryl bromides to access N,N-diarylsulfonamides using Ni(cod)(DQ) as a catalyst without additional ligands. The process is compatible with electron-deficient and electron-rich aryl and heteroaryl bromides (34 examples, 21-98%) and can be applied to the derivatization of an N-arylsulfonamide pharmaceutical compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian You
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Junqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Q, Xu L, Ma D. Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Sulfonamides with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides/Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lanting Xu
- Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Lab. of Bio. Nat. Prod. Chem. 345 Lingling LuShanghai 200032 Shanghai CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das BC, Adil Shareef M, Das S, Nandwana NK, Das Y, Saito M, Weiss LM. Boron-Containing heterocycles as promising pharmacological agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116748. [PMID: 35453036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of the "magic" boron atom has been established as an important new strategy in the field of medicinal chemistry as boron compounds have been shown to form various bonds with their biological targets. Currently, a number of boron-based drugs (e.g. bortezomib, crisaborole, and tavaborole) have been FDA approved and are in the clinic, and several other boron-containing compounds are in clinical trials. Boron-based heterocycles have an incredible potential in the ongoing quest for new therapeutic agents owing to their plethora of biological activities and useful pharmacokinetic profiles. The present perspective is intended to review the pharmacological applications of boron-based heterocycles that have been published. We have classified these compounds into groups exhibiting shared pharmacological activities and discussed their corresponding biological targets focusing mainly on the most potent therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nitesh K Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY-10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crawford JM, Gensch T, Sigman MS, Elward JM, Steves JE. Impact of Phosphine Featurization Methods in Process Development. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Elward
- Molecular Design, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Janelle E. Steves
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ring OT, Hayter BR, Ronson TO, Agnew LR, Ashworth IW, Cherryman J, Gall MAY, Hamilton PR, Inglesby PA, Jones MF, Lamacraft AL, Leahy AJ, McKinney D, Miller-Potucka L, Powell L, Putra OD, Robbins AJ, Tomasi S, Wordsworth RA. Process Development, Manufacture, and Understanding of the Atropisomerism and Polymorphism of Verinurad. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T. Ring
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Barry R. Hayter
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas O. Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren R. Agnew
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian W. Ashworth
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Janette Cherryman
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A. Y. Gall
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Hamilton
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip A. Inglesby
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F. Jones
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Alex L. Lamacraft
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Leahy
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - David McKinney
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Miller-Potucka
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn Powell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Okky D. Putra
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Robbins
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Wordsworth
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
In the past decade, the field of organic synthesis has witnessed tremendous advancements in the areas of photoredox catalysis, electrochemistry, C-H activation, reductive coupling and flow chemistry. While these methods and technologies offer many strategic advantages in streamlining syntheses, their application on the process scale is complicated by several factors. In this Review, we discuss the challenges that arise when these reaction classes and/or flow chemistry technology are taken from a research laboratory operating at the milligram scale to a reactor capable of producing kilograms of product. We discuss how these challenges have been overcome through chemical and engineering solutions. Specifically, this Review will highlight key examples that have led to the production of multi-hundred-gram to kilogram quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients or their intermediates and will provide insight on the scaling-up process to those developing new technologies and reactions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ravi Kumara GS, Pandith A, Seo YJ. Direct and selective metal-free N 6-arylation of adenosine residues for simple fluorescence labeling of DNA and RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5450-5453. [PMID: 33950062 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an unprecedented transition metal-free approach for the direct fluorescence turn-on labeling of natural oligonucleotides through selective N6-arylation of adenosine moieties. This method allows the simple and direct fluorescence labeling of natural unmodified DNA and RNA, but is dependent on the secondary structure, favoring single-stranded structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anup Pandith
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
| | - Young Jun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tevyashova AN, Chudinov MV. Progress in the medicinal chemistry of organoboron compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to draw attention to the latest advances in the organoboron chemistry and therapeutic use of organoboron compounds. The synthetic strategies towards boron-containing compounds with proven in vitro and/or in vivo biological activities, including derivatives of boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, benzoxaborines and benzodiazaborines, are summarized. Approaches to the synthesis of hybrid structures containing an organoboron moiety as one of the pharmacophores are considered, and the effect of this modification on the pharmacological activity of the initial molecules is analyzed. On the basis of analysis of the published data, the most promising areas of research in the field of organoboron compounds are identified, including the latest methods of synthesis, modification and design of effective therapeutic agents.
The bibliography includes 246 references.
Collapse
|
14
|
Doyle MGJ, Lundgren RJ. Oxidative cross-coupling processes inspired by the Chan-Lam reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2724-2731. [PMID: 33623942 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of N- and O-nucleophiles with aryl boronic acids (the Chan-Lam reaction) remains among the most useful approaches to prepare aniline and phenol derivatives. The combination of high chemoselectivity, mild reaction conditions, and the ability to use simple Cu-salts as catalysts makes this process a valuable alternative to aromatic substitutions and Pd-catalyzed reactions of aryl electrophiles (Buchwald-Hartwig coupling). Despite the widespread use of Chan-Lam reactions in synthesis, the analogous carbon-carbon bond forming variant of this process had not been developed prior to our work. This feature article describes our discovery and application of Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions of activated methylene derivatives or carboxylic acids with nucleophiles including aryl boronic esters and amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piou T, Slutskyy Y, Kevin NJ, Sun Z, Xiao D, Kong J. Direct Arylation of Azoles Enabled by Pd/Cu Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:1996-2001. [PMID: 33667104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A practical approach toward the synthesis of 2-arylazoles via direct arylation is described. The transformation relies on a Pd/Cu cocatalyst system that operates with low catalyst loadings. The reaction conditions were found to be tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and nitrogen-containing heterocycles commonly employed in a drug discovery setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Piou
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yuriy Slutskyy
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nancy J Kevin
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Slack ED, Colacot TJ. Understanding the Activation of Air-Stable Ir(COD)(Phen)Cl Precatalyst for C–H Borylation of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics. Org Lett 2021; 23:1561-1565. [PMID: 33546555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Slack
- Johnson Matthey, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Johnson Matthey, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Becica J, Glaze OD, Hruszkewycz DP, Dobereiner GE, Leitch DC. The influence of additives on orthogonal reaction pathways in the Mizoroki–Heck arylation of vinyl ethers. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Translating microscale high-throughput screening hits into preparative scale chemistry often requires an understanding of scale-dependent factors, such as the effect of additives on catalyst activation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Chemical Development
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Collegeville
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Owen D. Glaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Temple University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Becica J, Hruszkewycz DP, Steves JE, Elward JM, Leitch DC, Dobereiner GE. High-Throughput Discovery and Evaluation of a General Catalytic Method for N-Arylation of Weakly Nucleophilic Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:8981-8986. [PMID: 31651171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through targeted high-throughput experimentation (HTE), we have identified the Pd/AdBippyPhos catalyst system as an effective and general method to construct densely functionalized N,N-diaryl sulfonamide motifs relevant to medicinal chemistry. AdBippyPhos is particularly effective for the installation of heteroaromatic groups. Computational steric parametrization of the investigated ligands reveals the potential importance of remote steric demand, where a large cone angle combined with an accessible Pd center is correlated to successful catalysts for C-N coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Becica
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.,Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Damian P Hruszkewycz
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Janelle E Steves
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Elward
- Molecular Design, Data & Computational Sciences , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - David C Leitch
- Chemical Development , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia V8P 5C2 , Canada
| | - Graham E Dobereiner
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chong PY, Shotwell JB, Miller J, Price DJ, Maynard A, Voitenleitner C, Mathis A, Williams S, Pouliot JJ, Creech K, Wang F, Fang J, Zhang H, Tai VWF, Turner E, Kahler KM, Crosby R, Peat AJ. Design of N-Benzoxaborole Benzofuran GSK8175-Optimization of Human Pharmacokinetics Inspired by Metabolites of a Failed Clinical HCV Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3254-3267. [PMID: 30763090 PMCID: PMC6466479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We previously described the discovery
of GSK5852 (1), a non-nucleoside polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor
of hepatitis C virus (HCV), in which an N-benzyl
boronic acid was essential for potent antiviral activity. Unfortunately,
facile benzylic oxidation resulted in a short plasma half-life (5
h) in human volunteers, and a backup program was initiated to remove
metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Herein, we describe
second-generation NS5B inhibitors including GSK8175 (49), a sulfonamide-N-benzoxaborole analog with low
in vivo clearance across preclinical species and broad-spectrum activity
against HCV replicons. An X-ray structure of NS5B protein cocrystallized
with 49 revealed unique protein-inhibitor interactions
mediated by an extensive network of ordered water molecules and the
first evidence of boronate complex formation within the binding pocket.
In clinical studies, 49 displayed a 60–63 h half-life
and a robust decrease in viral RNA levels in HCV-infected patients,
thereby validating our hypothesis that reducing benzylic oxidation
would improve human pharmacokinetics and lower efficacious doses relative
to 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pek Y Chong
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - J Brad Shotwell
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - John Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Daniel J Price
- GlaxoSmithKline , 200 Cambridge Park Drive , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02140 , United States
| | - Andy Maynard
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Christian Voitenleitner
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Amanda Mathis
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Shawn Williams
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Pouliot
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Katrina Creech
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Feng Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Jing Fang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Huichang Zhang
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| | - Vincent W-F Tai
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Turner
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Kirsten M Kahler
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Renae Crosby
- GlaxoSmithKline , 5 Moore Drive , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27709 , United States
| | - Andrew J Peat
- GlaxoSmithKline , 1250 South Collegeville Road , Collegeville , Pennsylvania 19426 , United States
| |
Collapse
|