1
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Silva Elipe MV, Ndukwe IE, Murray JI. Cryogen-free 400-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer as a versatile tool for pharmaceutical process analytical technology. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:512-534. [PMID: 38369696 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of new ceramic materials containing Ba-La-Cu oxides in 1986 that exhibited superconducting properties at high temperatures in the range of 35 K or higher, recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987, opened a new world of opportunities for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMRs) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) to move away from liquid cryogens. This discovery expands the application of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials to fields beyond the chemical and medical industries, including electrical power grids, energy, and aerospace. The prototype 400-MHz cryofree HTS NMR spectrometer installed at Amgen's chemistry laboratory has been vital for a variety of applications such as structure analysis, reaction monitoring, and CASE-3D studies with RDCs. The spectrometer has been integrated with Amgen's chemistry and analytical workflows, providing pipeline project support in tandem with other Kinetic Analysis Platform technologies. The 400-MHz cryofree HTS NMR spectrometer, as the name implies, does not require liquid cryogens refills and has smaller footprint that facilitates installation into a chemistry laboratory fume hood, sharing the hood with a process chemistry reactor. Our evaluation of its performance for structural analysis with CASE-3D protocol and for reaction monitoring of Amgen's pipeline chemistry was successful. We envision that the HTS magnets would become part of the standard NMR and MRI spectrometers in the future. We believe that while the technology is being developed, there is room for all magnet options, including HTS, low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, and low field benchtop NMRs with permanent magnets, where utilization will be dependent on application type and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikenna Edward Ndukwe
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - James I Murray
- Pivotal and Commercial Drug Substance Technologies, Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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2
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Rinu PXT, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Low-cost transition metal catalysed Negishi coupling: an update. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6438-6455. [PMID: 37522832 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The Negishi coupling is a significant C-C bond-forming reaction to access synthetically valuable organic compounds. In recent years, researchers have developed sustainable first-row transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) based complexes in place of the conventional Pd catalyst for this reaction. Several such low-cost metal-based catalysts showed high efficiency and potential application in natural product synthesis. This review focuses on the recent achievements in low-cost transition metal-based Negishi coupling reactions, covering reports from 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560 India.
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3
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Zondag SDA, Mazzarella D, Noël T. Scale-Up of Photochemical Reactions: Transitioning from Lab Scale to Industrial Production. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:283-300. [PMID: 36913716 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-074313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, we have witnessed a rapid emergence of new and powerful photochemical and photocatalytic synthetic methods. Although these methods have been used mostly on a small scale, there is a growing need for efficient scale-up of photochemistry in the chemical industry. This review summarizes and contextualizes the advancements made in the past decade regarding the scale-up of photo-mediated synthetic transformations. Simple scale-up concepts and important fundamental photochemical laws have been provided along with a discussion concerning suitable reactor designs that should facilitate scale-up of this challenging class of organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D A Zondag
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniele Mazzarella
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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4
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Flow photochemistry — from microreactors to large-scale processing. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Abdiaj I, Cañellas S, Dieguez A, Linares ML, Pijper B, Fontana A, Rodriguez R, Trabanco A, Palao E, Alcázar J. End-to-End Automated Synthesis of C(sp 3)-Enriched Drug-like Molecules via Negishi Coupling and Novel, Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction. J Med Chem 2023; 66:716-732. [PMID: 36520521 PMCID: PMC9841985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an end-to-end process including synthesis, work-up, purification, and post-purification with minimal human intervention using Negishi coupling as a key transformation to increase Fsp3 in bioactive molecules. The main advantages of this protocol are twofold. First, the automated sequential generation of organozinc reagents from readily available alkyl halides offers a large diversity of alkyl groups to functionalize (hetero)aryl halide scaffolds via Pd-catalyzed Negishi coupling in continuous flow. Second, a fully automated liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and successfully applied for unattended operations. The workflow was completed with mass-triggered preparative high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC, providing an efficient production line of compounds with enriched sp3 character and better drug-like properties. The modular nature allows a smooth adaptation to a wide variety of synthetic methods and protocols and makes it applicable to any medchem laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Abdiaj
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Dieguez
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Lourdes Linares
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Brenda Pijper
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto Fontana
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodriguez
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Andres Trabanco
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Palao
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesus Alcázar
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research
and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75, E-45007Toledo, Spain
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6
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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8
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Candish L, Collins KD, Cook GC, Douglas JJ, Gómez-Suárez A, Jolit A, Keess S. Photocatalysis in the Life Science Industry. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2907-2980. [PMID: 34558888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, chemists in the life science industry require access to mild and robust synthetic methodologies to systematically modify chemical structures, explore novel chemical space, and enable efficient synthesis. In this context, photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful technology for the synthesis of complex and often highly functionalized molecules. This Review aims to summarize the published contributions to the field from the life science industry, including research from industrial-academic partnerships. An overview of the synthetic methodologies developed and strategic applications in chemical synthesis, including peptide functionalization, isotope labeling, and both DNA-encoded and traditional library synthesis, is provided, along with a summary of the state-of-the-art in photoreactor technology and the effective upscaling of photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Candish
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl D Collins
- Bayer Foundation, Public Affairs, Science and Sustainability, Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Gemma C Cook
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James J Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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9
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Harenberg JH, Weidmann N, Wiegand AJ, Hoefer CA, Annapureddy RR, Knochel P. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium: A Hexane-Soluble Reagent for Br/Na-Exchanges and Directed Metalations in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14296-14301. [PMID: 33826212 PMCID: PMC8252725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the on-demand generation of hexane-soluble (2-ethylhexyl)sodium (1) from 3-(chloromethyl)heptane (2) using a sodium-packed-bed reactor under continuous flow conditions. Thus, the resulting solution of 1 is free of elemental sodium and therefore suited for a range of synthetic applications. This new procedure avoids the storage of an alkylsodium and limits the handling of metallic sodium to a minimum. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium (1) proved to be a very useful reagent and undergoes in-line Br/Na-exchanges as well as directed sodiations. The resulting arylsodium intermediates are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as ketones, aldehydes, Weinreb-amides, imines, allyl bromides, disulfides and alkyl iodides. A reaction scale-up of the Br/Na-exchange using an in-line electrophile quench was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander J. Wiegand
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Carla A. Hoefer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | | | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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10
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Harenberg JH, Weidmann N, Wiegand AJ, Hoefer CA, Annapureddy RR, Knochel P. (2‐Ethylhexyl)natrium: Ein hexanlösliches Reagenz für Br/Na‐Austauschreaktionen und dirigierte Metallierungen im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Niels Weidmann
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Alexander J. Wiegand
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Carla A. Hoefer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Rajasekar Reddy Annapureddy
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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11
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Abstract
AbstractContinuous flow photochemistry as a field has witnessed an increasing popularity over the last decade in both academia and industry. Key drivers for this development are safety, practicality as well as the ability to rapidly access complex chemical structures. Continuous flow reactors, whether home-built or from commercial suppliers, additionally allow for creating valuable target compounds in a reproducible and automatable manner. Recent years have furthermore seen the advent of new energy efficient LED lamps that in combination with innovative reactor designs provide a powerful means to increasing both the practicality and productivity of modern photochemical flow reactors. In this review article we wish to highlight key achievements pertaining to the scalability of such continuous photochemical processes.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Menges-Flanagan G, Deitmann E, Gössl L, Hofmann C, Löb P. Scalable Continuous Synthesis of Organozinc Reagents and Their Immediate Subsequent Coupling Reactions. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Deitmann
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
- Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstrasse 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Gössl
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
- Hochschule Darmstadt, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Löb
- Fraunhofer IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Photochemical transformations of molecular building blocks have become an important and widely recognized research field in the past decade. Detailed and deep understanding of novel photochemical catalysts and reaction concepts with visible light as the energy source has enabled a broad application portfolio for synthetic organic chemistry. In parallel, continuous-flow chemistry and microreaction technology have become the basis for thinking and doing chemistry in a novel fashion with clear focus on improved process control for higher conversion and selectivity. As can be seen by the large number of scientific publications on flow photochemistry in the recent past, both research topics have found each other as exceptionally well-suited counterparts with high synergy by combining chemistry and technology. This review will give an overview on selected reaction classes, which represent important photochemical transformations in synthetic organic chemistry, and which benefit from mild and defined process conditions by the transfer from batch to continuous-flow mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rehm
- Division Energy & Chemical Technology/Flow Chemistry GroupFraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMMCarl-Zeiss-Straße 18–2055129MainzGermany
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14
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Roibu A, Horn CR, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flow Part 2: Characterization of Bubbly Flow in an Advanced‐Flow Reactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Roibu
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Clemens R. Horn
- Corning European Technology Center Corning S.A.S 7 bis avenue de Valvins CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, Avon France
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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16
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Steiner A, Roth PMC, Strauss FJ, Gauron G, Tekautz G, Winter M, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Multikilogram per Hour Continuous Photochemical Benzylic Brominations Applying a Smart Dimensioning Scale-up Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Steiner
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philippe M. C. Roth
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Franz J. Strauss
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Guillaume Gauron
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Günter Tekautz
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Marc Winter
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Peng C, Chen Y, Tang Z, Wu Q. Continuous synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione through direct C–C coupling of acetone in a Hilbert fractal photo microreactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00247j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Hilbert fractal photo microreactor (PMR) was developed and used in the continuous photochemical synthesis of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HDN) via direct C–C coupling of acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Suqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Ci Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Science and Technology Development
- China National Offshore Oil Corporation
- Beijing
- PR China
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19
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Zheng L, Xue H, Wong WK, Cao H, Wu J, Khan SA. Cloud-inspired multiple scattering for light intensified photochemical flow reactors. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoflow reactor that mimics how nature accelerates photochemistry in the clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Hansong Xue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Wai Kuan Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Saif A. Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
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20
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Colella M, Nagaki A, Luisi R. Flow Technology for the Genesis and Use of (Highly) Reactive Organometallic Reagents. Chemistry 2019; 26:19-32. [PMID: 31498924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of organic synthesis, the advent of flow chemistry and flow microreactor technology represented a tremendous novelty in the way of thinking and performing chemical reactions, opening the doors to poorly explored or even impossible transformations using batch methods. In this Concept article, we would like to highlight the impact of flow chemistry for exploiting highly reactive organometallic reagents, and how, alongside the well-known advantages concerning safety, scalability, and productivity, flow chemistry makes possible processes that are impossible to control by using the traditional batch approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Aichiiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Zhao
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales 45 Rue des Saints-Pères FR-75006 Paris France
| | - Laurent Micouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales 45 Rue des Saints-Pères FR-75006 Paris France
| | - Riccardo Piccardi
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601CNRS-Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales 45 Rue des Saints-Pères FR-75006 Paris France
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