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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Bae D, Lee JW, Ryu DH. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones/Aldehydes to Nitroolefins in Water as Catalyzed by Proline-Derived Bifunctional Organocatalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16532-16541. [PMID: 36442143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New l-proline-derived bifunctional secondary amine organocatalysts were synthesized for enantioselective Michael reactions in water as a solvent. Application of these catalysts in Michael additions provided high yield (up to 97%) with high stereoselectivity (dr up to 99:1 and ee up to 99%). The effect of phenyl group at (R)-C6 in the catalyst was investigated and played a key role in successful catalysis by density functional theory computational calculations. The synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the formal synthesis of Sch 50971, which is a novel histamine H3 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeil Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan, Suwon16419, Korea
| | - Jin Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan, Suwon16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan, Suwon16419, Korea
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Moskalik MY, Astakhova VV. Triflamides and Triflimides: Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:5201. [PMID: 36014447 PMCID: PMC9414225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the variety of sulfonamides, triflamides (CF3SO2NHR, TfNHR) occupy a special position in organic chemistry. Triflamides are widely used as reagents, efficient catalysts or additives in numerous reactions. The reasons for the widespread use of these compounds are their high NH-acidity, lipophilicity, catalytic activity and specific chemical properties. Their strong electron-withdrawing properties and low nucleophilicity, combined with their high NH-acidity, makes it possible to use triflamides in a vast variety of organic reactions. This review is devoted to the synthesis and use of N-trifluoromethanesulfonyl derivatives in organic chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, catalysis and agriculture. Part of the work is a review of areas and examples of the use of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (triflimide, (CF3SO2)2NH, Tf2NH). Being one of the strongest NH-acids, triflimide, and especially its salts, are widely used as catalysts in cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, condensation reactions, heterocyclization and many others. Triflamides act as a source of nitrogen in C-amination (sulfonamidation) reactions, the products of which are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, catalysts and ligands in metal complex catalysis, and have found applications in medicine. The addition reactions of triflamide in the presence of oxidizing agents to alkenes and dienes are considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Moskalik
- Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Cmelova P, Sramel P, Zahradnikova B, Modrocka V, Szabados H, Meciarova M, Sebesta R. Pro‐Pro Dipeptide‐Thiourea Organocatalyst in the Mannich Reaction Between α‐Imino Esters and Pyruvates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cmelova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Peter Sramel
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Barbora Zahradnikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Viktoria Modrocka
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Henrich Szabados
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Maria Meciarova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Radovan Sebesta
- Comenius University FNS: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6 84215 Bratislava SLOVAKIA
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Organocatalysis for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes and α,β-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Michael addition is an important reaction because it can be used to synthesize a wide range of natural products or complex compounds that exhibit biological activities. In this study, a mirror image of an aldehyde and α,β-unsaturated nitroalkene were reacted in the presence of (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN). Herein, thiourea was introduced as an organic catalyst, and a selective Michael addition reaction was carried out. The primary amine moiety of DPEN reacts with aldehydes to form enamines, which is activated by the hydrogen bond formation between the nitro groups of α,β-unsaturated nitroalkenes and thiourea. Our aim was to obtain an asymmetric Michael product by adding 1,4-enamine to an alkene to form a new carbon–carbon bond. As a result, the primary amine of the chiral diamine was converted to an enamine. The reaction proceeded with a relatively high degree of enantioselectivity, which was achieved using double activation via hydrogen bonding of the nitro group and thiourea. Michael products with a high degree of enantioselectivity (97–99% synee) and diastereoselectivity (syn/anti = 9/1) were obtained in yields ranging from 94–99% depending on the aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 China
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Gorde AB, Ansari A, Ramapanicker R. Asymmetric Michael addition reactions of aldehydes to β-nitrostyrenes catalyzed by (S)–N-(D-prolyl-L-prolyl)-1 -triflicamido-3 -phenylpropan-2-amine. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Das T, Mohapatra S, Mishra NP, Nayak S, Raiguru BP. Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition Reactions to α, β‐Unsaturated Nitroolefins. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapaswini Das
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Nilima P. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
| | - Bishnu P. Raiguru
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003, Odisha India
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Han W, Oriyama T. Asymmetric Michael Addition of Isobutyraldehyde to Nitroolefins Using an α,α-Diphenyl-(S)-prolinol-Derived Chiral Diamine Catalyst. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Castro-Alvarez A, Carneros H, Calafat J, Costa AM, Marco C, Vilarrasa J. NMR and Computational Studies on the Reactions of Enamines with Nitroalkenes That May Pass through Cyclobutanes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18167-18194. [PMID: 31720519 PMCID: PMC6844152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of aldehyde enamines to nitroalkenes affords cyclobutanes in all solvents, with all of the pyrrolidine and proline derivatives tested by us and with all of the substrates we have examined. Depending on the temperature, concentration of water, solvent polarity, and other factors, the opening and hydrolysis of such a four-membered ring may take place rapidly or last for several days, producing the final Michael-like adducts (4-nitrobutanals). Thirteen new cyclobutanes have now been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. As could be expected, s-trans-enamine conformers give rise to all-trans-(4S)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines, while s-cis-enamine conformers afford all-trans-(4R)-4-nitrocyclobutylpyrrolidines. These four-membered rings can isomerize to adduct enamines, which should be hydrolyzed via their iminium ions. MP2 and M06-2X calculations predict that one iminium ion is more stable than the other iminium species, so that protonation of the adduct enamines can be quite stereoselective; in the presence of water, the so-called syn adducts (e.g., OCH-*CHR-*CHPh-CH2NO2, with R and Ph syn) eventually become the major products. Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations. Nitro-Michael reactions of aldehyde enamines that "stop" at the nitrocyclobutane stage and final enamine stage do not work catalytically, as known, but those of cyclic ketone enamines that do not work stop at the final enamine stage (if their hydrolysis to the corresponding nitroethylketones is less favorable than expected). These and other facts are accounted for, and the proposals of the groups led by Seebach and Hayashi, Blackmond, and Pihko and Papai are reconciled.
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Gorde AB, Ramapanicker R. Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to β-Nitrostyrenes Catalyzed by (S)- N
-(D-Prolyl)-1-triflicamido-3-phenylpropan-2-amine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Gorde
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
| | - Ramesh Ramapanicker
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208016 India
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Borges‐González J, García‐Monzón I, Martín T. Conformational Control of Tetrahydropyran‐Based Hybrid Dipeptide Catalysts Improves Activity and Stereoselectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Borges‐González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y AgrobiologíaCSIC Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Doctoral and Postgraduate SchoolUniversity of La Laguna
| | - Irma García‐Monzón
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y AgrobiologíaCSIC Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Doctoral and Postgraduate SchoolUniversity of La Laguna
| | - Tomás Martín
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y AgrobiologíaCSIC Francisco Sánchez, 3 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” CIBICANUniversidad de La Laguna, Francisco Sánchez, 2 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
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