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Zhang H, Xu N, Su B, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Guo B, Xu S, Wang S, Tang R. Synthesis of Amides via the Amination of Aldehydes with Hydroxylamines Promoted by TBAF·3H 2O. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38781579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free, mild, and efficient method for the synthesis of amides has been developed from the amination of aldehydes with hydroxylamines promoted by TBAF·3H2O in the presence of KOH. Control experiments showed that the nitrone was the intermediate of this amination. By this method, a series of amides, biologically active compounds bebenil and a COX inhibitor were obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Zhang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Nuo Xu
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Botao Su
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Jingren Zhang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Chongen Zhang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Guo
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
| | - Rongping Tang
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical University of Vocational Technology, No. 1 Shandan Street, Lanzhou 730060, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Cha TL, Jiang J, Li Y, Xie XY, Li D, Yan CX, Shao LD. Divergent Total Syntheses of Lycorine Alkaloids via a Sequential C-H Functionalization Strategy. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4851-4860. [PMID: 38546258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed one-pot sequential C-H functionalization strategy was utilized to prepare four lycorine alkaloids and one pseudo-lycorine alkaloid from the common intermediate 4. By switching the followed oxidative conditions of air, DMSO/H2O/I2, and DMSO/O2, based on the Pd(PPh3)4/K2CO3/toluene catalytic system, three key intermediates 12a, 12b, and 12c with different substitution patterns could be obtained in a well-controlled manner. As a result, four natural products γ-lycorane, hippadine, anhydrolycorinone, and anhydrolycorine as well as a pseudo-lycorine alkaloid Δ(4a,10b)-6-oxodihydrolycorine were successfully synthesized within 10 steps through this divergent route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tong-Ling Cha
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Yong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xie
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cai-Xian Yan
- Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Fraile-Gutiérrez I, Iglesias S, Acosta N, Revuelta J. Chitosan-based oral hydrogel formulations of β-galactosidase to improve enzyme supplementation therapy for lactose intolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127755. [PMID: 37935291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase supplementation plays an important role in the life of people with lactose intolerance. However, these formulations are rendered ineffective by the low pH and pepsin in the stomach and pancreatic proteases in the intestine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop oral transport systems for carrying this enzyme in the active form up to the intestine, where the lactose digestion occurs. In this research, a new hydrogel was developed that could potentially be used for enzyme supplement therapy. In this regard, the chitosan-based β-Gal formulations described in the manuscript are an alternative long-acting preparation to the so far available preparations that allow for enzyme protection and mucosal targeting. These hydrogels were prepared from chitosan and polyethylene glycol and contained a covalently immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. The β-galactosidase in the hydrogel was protected from degradation in a gastric medium at a pH of 2.5 and retained 75 % of its original activity under subsequent intestinal conditions. In the case of a simulated gastric fluid with a pH of 1.5, a copolymer containing methacrylic acid functional groups was sufficient to protect the hybrid hydrogel from the extremely acidic pH. In addition, the surface of the hydrogel was chemically modified with thiol and amidine groups, which increased the binding to intestinal mucin by 20 % compared with the unmodified hydrogel. These results represent a promising approach for oral transport as a reservoir for β-galactosidase in the small intestine to reduce the symptoms of hypolactasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fraile-Gutiérrez
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Iglesias
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niuris Acosta
- Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Revuelta
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Liu CF, Cao ZQ, Ding SL, Zhu J, Gu P. An Intramolecular Schmidt Reaction of δ-Azido N-Acylbenzotriazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:1147-1151. [PMID: 33492975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Lewis acid promoted intramolecular Schmidt reaction of N-acylbenzotriazoles with alkyl azides was designed and realized. The benzotriazole was not only employed as an efficient activator for initiating the Schmidt rearrangement but also used as a powerful terminator for the subsequent nucleophilic trapping of the isocyanate ion and/or N-acyliminium ion from the rearrangement. Thirteen δ-azido N-acylbenzotriazoles were investigated, and the conversion afforded the desired benzotriazole-1-carboxamides and lactams with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Cao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Shao-Lei Ding
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiming Gu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering and Research Center for Natural Medicines, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Slastikhina PV, Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Abramov IG, Filimonov SI, Begunov RS, Suponitsky KY. Synthesis of substituted isoindole-1,3-diones with an amide fragment using the Schmidt rearrangement. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Massolo E, Pirola M, Benaglia M. Amide Bond Formation Strategies: Latest Advances on a Dateless Transformation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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Yuan Y, Pan G, Zhang X, Huang Q. One pot synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines from 7-phenylindoles via tandem C–H olefination/aza-Michael addition. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented one-pot C–H olefination/aza-Michael addition tandem process has been developed for the synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines from 7-phenylindoles and alkenes using a [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgOAc/Me4NOAc catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Guoshuai Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
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