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De Bolòs E, Martínez-Abadía M, Hernández-Culebras F, Haymaker A, Swain K, Strutyński K, Weare BL, Castells-Gil J, Padial NM, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Nannenga BL, Mateo-Alonso A. A Crystalline 1D Dynamic Covalent Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15443-15450. [PMID: 35993775 PMCID: PMC9446889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of crystalline one-dimensional polymers provides a fundamental understanding about the structure-property relationship in polymeric materials and allows the preparation of materials with enhanced thermal, mechanical, and conducting properties. However, the synthesis of crystalline one-dimensional polymers remains a challenge because polymers tend to adopt amorphous or semicrystalline phases. Herein, we report the synthesis of a crystalline one-dimensional polymer in solution by dynamic covalent chemistry. The structure of the polymer has been unambiguously confirmed by microcrystal electron diffraction that together with charge transport studies and theoretical calculations show how the π-stacked chains of the polymer generate optimal channels for charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet De Bolòs
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández-Culebras
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Alison Haymaker
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kyle Swain
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Benjamin L Weare
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Castells-Gil
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Natalia M Padial
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Brent L Nannenga
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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2
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Werner S, Vollgraff T, Sundermeyer J. Tetrasubstituted Peropyrenes Formed by Reductive Aromatization: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization. Chemistry 2021; 27:11065-11075. [PMID: 34033166 PMCID: PMC8453513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chromophore class of 1,3,8,10-tetrasubstituted peropyrenes was effectively synthesized from peropyrenequinone via a Zn-mediated reductive aromatization approach. In one step, a symmetric functionalization of the peropyrene backbone introducing silylethers (2,3), pivaloyl (4), triflyl (5) and also phosphinite (6) groups was established. Furthermore, the potential of using 4 and 5 in transition metal catalysed cross couplings was explored leading to 1,3,8,10-tetraaryl (8-11) and tetraalkynyl (7) peropyrenes. The influence of various substituents on the optoelectronic properties of these π-system extended peropyrenes was investigated in solid state by means of X-ray crystallography, in solution by means of UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and by their redox properties studied via cyclic voltammetry. By comparison with DFT and TD-DFT calculations, it could be elucidated that introduction of a broad variety of substituents in such versatile one or two step procedures leads to peropyrenes with easily tunable HOMO and LUMO energies ranging in a gap window of 0.8 eV. The frontier molecular orbital energies identify the target molecules as promising candidates for hole transporting semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Werner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Material Science CenterPhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435032MarburgGermany
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3
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Thangavel A, Macias M, Tsumaki S. Interaction of Phenyl-Substituted Diazaperylenium with Cucurbit[ n]uril: Complex versus Supramolecular Polymer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5574-5579. [PMID: 32201851 PMCID: PMC7081634 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A phenyl-substituted diazaperylenediium dication (DAP) was synthesized that shows concentration-dependent aggregation in water. The host-guest complexation of DAP was studied with the macrocyclic host cucurbit[n]uril (n = 7, 8) in water. With CB[7], it forms a 1:2 complex by placing two aryl substituents inside the CB[7]; whereas, with CB[8], a supramolecular polymer is formed. The resulting complex and supramolecular polymer have been characterized by ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry), ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance), 2D NOESY (two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy), and DOSY (diffusion-ordered spectroscopy) spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Thangavel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, United States
| | - Monica Macias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, United States
| | - Samantha Tsumaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, United States
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4
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Yuan W, Cheng J, Li X, Wu M, Han Y, Yan C, Zou G, Müllen K, Chen Y. 5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9940-9945. [PMID: 31872529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes with different number of tert-butyl groups (c-TAPP-T, c-TAPP-H) were synthesized, via four-fold Bischler-Napieralski cyclization as the key step. As deduced from the single-crystal structures and optical properties, N-doping and substitution type allow for a precise control of intermolecular interactions. Compared to the reported 1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrenes, significantly different packing modes were found in 5,6,12,13-tetraazaperopyrenes. Going from c-TAPP-T to c-TAPP-H, two additional tert-butyl groups lead to different preferential growth directions, affording 1D and 2D microcrystals, respectively. Most importantly, both microcrystals exhibit excellent optical waveguide properties with extraordinarily low loss coefficients and unique polarization features. Although c-TAPP-H possesses a rigid and planar core, its crystals display an exceptional mechanochromic fluorescence, which, again, depends on the mode of molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaopei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
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5
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5,6,12,13‐Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Carini M, Marongiu M, Strutyński K, Saeki A, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. Hooking Together Sigmoidal Monomers into Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carini
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Mauro Marongiu
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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7
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Carini M, Marongiu M, Strutyński K, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Hooking Together Sigmoidal Monomers into Supramolecular Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15788-15792. [PMID: 31512362 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers show great potential in the development of new materials because of their inherent recyclability and their self-healing and stimuli-responsive properties. Supramolecular conductive polymers are generally obtained by the assembly of individual aromatic molecules into columnar arrays that provide an optimal channel for electronic transport. A new approach is reported to prepare supramolecular polymers by hooking together sigmoidal monomers into 1D arrays of π-stacked anthracene and acridine units, which gives rise to micrometer-sized fibrils that show pseudoconductivities in line with other conducting materials. This approach paves the way for the design of new supramolecular polymers constituted by acene derivatives with enhanced excitonic and electronic transporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mauro Marongiu
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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