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Ugur E, Said AA, Dally P, Zhang S, Petoukhoff CE, Rosas-Villalva D, Zhumagali S, Yildirim BK, Razzaq A, Sarwade S, Yazmaciyan A, Baran D, Laquai F, Deger C, Yavuz I, Allen TG, Aydin E, De Wolf S. Enhanced cation interaction in perovskites for efficient tandem solar cells with silicon. Science 2024; 385:533-538. [PMID: 39088622 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the full potential of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, crystal defects and film inhomogeneities in the perovskite top cell must be minimized. We discuss the use of methylenediammonium dichloride as an additive to the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in the incorporation of in situ-formed tetrahydrotriazinium (THTZ-H+) into the perovskite lattice upon film crystallization. The cyclic nature of the THTZ-H+ cation enables a strong interaction with the lead octahedra of the perovskite lattice through the formation of hydrogen bonds with iodide in multiple directions. This structure improves the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and phase stability of 1.68 electron volts perovskites under prolonged light and heat exposure under 1-sun illumination at 85°C. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems incorporating THTZ-H+ in the perovskite photo absorber reached a 33.7% independently certified PCE for a device area of 1 square centimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ugur
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Said
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pia Dally
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Rosas-Villalva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shynggys Zhumagali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bumin K Yildirim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shruti Sarwade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aren Yazmaciyan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Caner Deger
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas G Allen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ivanova E, Maryasov M, Andreeva V, Osipova M, Vasilieva T, Eremkin A, Lodochnikova O, Grishaev D, Nasakin OE. Treatment of Substandard Rocket Fuel 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine via Its Methylene Derivative into Heterocycles Based on Pyrrolo-[3,4c]Quinolines, Cyclododeca[b]piran and Pyrrole. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13076. [PMID: 37685883 PMCID: PMC10487424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (Heptil, rocket fuel (UDMH)) is characterized by extremely high toxicity, teratogenicity and the ability to constantly absorb water from the atmosphere, losing its energy characteristics. In this regard, as well as due to the alternative fuel ("Angara") transition, there is a need for UDMH utilization in huge amounts. A more benign approach involves its immediate reaction with a formalin solution to form 1,1-dimethyl-2-methylene hydrazone (MDH), which is significantly less toxic by an order of magnitude. MDH can then be polymerized under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be burned, yielding a substantial amount of nitrogen oxides. We propose an alternative to incineration by involving MDH in organic synthesis. We studied the reactions of MDH and its analog N,N-dimethyl-2-(methylenamino)ethane-1-amine (MDEA) with available CH-acids: tetracyanoethylated ketones (TCEKs) based on cyclohexanone, 4-propylcyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, cyclododecanone and tetracyanoethane. The structures synthesized were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy methods. MDH-based adducts were also identified by X-ray structural analysis. TCEKs and MDH, as well as TCEK based on cyclohexanone and MDEA, form bi- and tricyclic structures: pyrrolo [3,4c]-quinolines (using TCEKs based on cyclohexanone and 4-propylcyclohexanone), epiminomethanoquinoline-3,4-dicarbonitrile (using TCEK based on 2-methylcyclohexanone) and cyclododec[b]pyran-3,4-dicarbonitrile (using TCEK based on cyclododecanone). MDH and TCNEH2 formed a pyrrole derivative. Thus, we synthesized the structures that are of interest for molecular design and pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ivanova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Maxim Maryasov
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Vera Andreeva
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Margarita Osipova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Tatyana Vasilieva
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexey Eremkin
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
| | - Olga Lodochnikova
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Streed, 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Denis Grishaev
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Scientific and Educational Center Pharmacy, Kazan Federal University, Paris Commune Street, 9, 296100 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Oleg E. Nasakin
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, ssUlyanov Chuvash State University, Moskovsky Prospect, 15, 428015 Cheboksary, Russia; (E.I.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.O.); (T.V.); (A.E.)
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Germaine IM, Huttel MB, Alderman MP, McElwee-White L. Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of MoS 2 with a Thiourea Sulfur Source: Single-Source Precursors vs Coreactant Mixtures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37764-37774. [PMID: 37493647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition of MoS2 from solutions containing the single-source precursors cis-Mo(CO)4(TMTU)2 and Mo(CO)5(TMTU) in toluene was compared to depositions from the coreactant solution containing Mo(CO)6 and uncoordinated TMTU in toluene. The results were used to assess the significance of ligand precoordination on the properties of the deposited films. Raman spectra and GI-XRD patterns of the films show that the single-source precursors produced more intense and sharper signals for 2H-MoS2 as compared to the coreactant system of Mo(CO)6 and TMTU, which is indicative of improved crystallinity. SEM and XPS were also used to assess morphology and film composition. Thermolysis of cis-Mo(CO)4(TMTU)2 and analysis of the pyrolysis products by GC-MS and 1H NMR suggested a decomposition mechanism of the TMTU ligand where a terminal sulfido is generated on the molybdenum center with loss of a heteroatom stabilized carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Germaine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Mary B Huttel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Molly P Alderman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lisa McElwee-White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanda
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
- C.N.R.‐SCITEC Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Nikki L. Sloan
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Topping
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
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