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Li CJ. HOME-Chemistry: hydrazone as organo-metallic equivalent. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The modern synthetic chemistry heavily relies on the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents to react with various electrophiles. The dependence on stoichiometric quantities of metals and often organic halides as precursors, in turn both produces copious amounts of metal halide wastes as well as leads to concerns on future metal sustainability. Inspired by the classical Wolff-Kishner reduction, our lab has recently developed a general strategy of
HOME-Chemistry
, directly using naturally abundant alcohols/aldehydes and ketones as feedstocks with the releasing of innocuous water and nitrogen gas. These reactions include 1,2-carbonyl/imine addition, conjugate addition, carboxylation, olefination, cross-coupling arylation/allylation, alkylation, hydroalkylation and C-heteroatom formations. This article provides a brief summary on this chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and FQRNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A0B8 , Canada
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2
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Koide T, Ono T, Shimakoshi H, Hisaeda Y. Functions of bioinspired pyrrole cobalt complexes–recently developed catalytic systems of vitamin B12 related complexes and porphycene complexes–. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Cheng R, de Ruiter G, Li CJ. Cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling of Umpolung carbonyls with alkyl halides under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11563-11566. [PMID: 36165102 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While classical cross-couplings are dominated by palladium and nickel catalysts, cobalt-based catalysts have shown unique advantages for such cross-coupling reactions in terms of higher catalytic activity and lower toxicity. Herein, we describe a novel cobalt-catalyzed alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reaction of hydrazone with alkyl halides under mild reaction conditions, where the use of a PNP-type pincer ligand is essential for catalysis. Both aldehyde and ketone hydrazones are compatible with this reaction, giving a series of C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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4
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Xia S, Cao D, Zeng H, He LN, Li CJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Alkenylation of Ketones Mediated by Hydrazine. JACS AU 2022; 2:1929-1934. [PMID: 36032538 PMCID: PMC9400169 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of naturally abundant carbonyl compounds provides a powerful platform for the efficient synthesis of valuable chemicals. In particular, the conversion of ketones to alkenes is a commonly encountered chemical transformation, often achieved via the multistep Shapiro reaction with tosylhydrazone and over stoichiometric organolithium or Grignard reagent. Herein, we report an earth abundant nickel-catalyzed alkenylation of naturally abundant methylene ketones to afford a wide range of alkene derivatives, mediated by hydrazine. The protocol features a broad substrate scope (including alkyl ketones, aryl ketones, and aldehydes), good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, water tolerance, and only environmentally friendly N2, H2, and H2O as theoretical byproducts. Moreover, gram-scale synthesis with good yield and generation of pharmaceutical intermediates highlighted its practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Xia
- Department
of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Cao
- Department
of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- The
State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The
State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State
Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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5
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Li CJ. Carbon–carbon bond formation and green chemistry: one dream and 30 years hence. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon–carbon bond formation is the core of organic synthesis, in which organometallic reagents play the key role in the forms of 1,2-nucleophilic additions, conjugate additions, and transition-metal catalyzed cross-couplings. These reactions have enabled the production of a wide range of organic molecules in our society. Despite the enormous power of organometallic reagents in chemical synthesis, they have inherent drawbacks in the eyes of future sustainability. This account summarizes our efforts over the past three decades on the exploration of new scientific means to overcome the drawbacks and limitations of these classical organometallic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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6
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Li J, Huang C, Li C. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chia‐Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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7
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Li J, Li CJ, Huang CY. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112770. [PMID: 34780098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, into functionalized alkanes via deoxygenation would be highly desirable from a sustainability perspective and very enabling in chemical synthesis. This review covers the recent methodology development in carbonyl and carboxyl deoxygenative functionalizations, highlighting some typical and significant contributions in this field. These advances will be categorized based on types of bond formation, and in each part, selected examples will be discussed from their generalized mechanistic perspectives. Four summarized reactivity modes of aldehydes and ketones during the deoxygenation, namely, bis-electrophile, carbenoid, bis-nucleophile and alkyl radical, are presented, while the carboxylic acids are deoxygenated mainly via activated carbonyl or acetal intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- McGill University, Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, H3A0B8, Montreal, CANADA
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8
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Wang S, König B. Katalytische Erzeugung von Carbanionen durch Carbonyl‐Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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9
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Dai XJ, Li CC, Li CJ. Carbonyl umpolung as an organometallic reagent surrogate. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10733-10742. [PMID: 34382626 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00418b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Construction of new carbon-carbon bonds is the cornerstone of organic chemistry. Organometallic reagents are amongst the most robust and versatile nucleophiles for this purpose. Polarization of the metal-carbon bonds in these reagents facilitates their reactions with a vast array of electrophiles to achieve chemical diversification. The dependence on stoichiometric quantities of metals and often organic halides as feedstock precursors, which in turn produces copious amounts of metal halide waste, is the key limitation of the classical organometallic reactions. Inspired by the classical Wolff-Kishner reduction converting carbonyl groups in aldehydes or ketones into methylene derivatives, our group has recently developed strategies to couple various alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones with a broad range of both hard and soft carbon electrophiles in the presence of catalytic amounts of transition metals, via the hydrazone derivatives: i.e., as organometallic reagent surrogates. This Tutorial Review describes the chronological development of this concept in our research group, detailing its creation in the context of a deoxygenation reaction and evolution to a more general carbon-carbon bond-forming strategy. The latter is demonstrated by the employment of carbonyl-derived alkyl carbanions in various transition-metal catalyzed chemical transformations, including 1,2-carbonyl/imine addition, conjugate addition, carboxylation, olefination, cross-coupling, allylation, alkylation and hydroalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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10
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Wang S, König B. Catalytic Generation of Carbanions through Carbonyl Umpolung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21624-21634. [PMID: 33991000 PMCID: PMC8518712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl Umpolung is a powerful strategy in organic chemistry to construct complex molecules. Over the last few years, versatile catalytic approaches for the generation of acyl anion equivalents from carbonyl compounds have been developed, but methods to obtain alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds in a catalytic fashion are still at an early stage. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the generation of alkyl carbanions through catalytic carbonyl Umpolung. Two different catalytic approaches can be utilized to enable the generation of alkyl carbanions from carbonyl compounds: the catalytic Wolff–Kishner reaction and the catalytic single‐electron reduction of carbonyl compounds and imines. We discuss the reaction scope, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications of the methods as well as potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Universitaetsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Regensburg Universitaetsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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12
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Butov GM, Mokhov VM, Zubovich EA. Chemical Transformations of Tetracyclo[3.3.1.13,7.01,3]decane (1,3-Dehydroadamantane): IX. Noncatalytic Reactions with Alkylarenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Recyclable Pd/C catalyzed one-step reduction of carbonyls to hydrocarbons under simple conditions without extra base. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Saladrigas M, Bonjoch J, Bradshaw B. Iron Hydride Radical Reductive Alkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2019; 22:684-688. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Saladrigas
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Fu WC, Kwong FY. A denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for regioselective synthesis of fluorenes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1411-1417. [PMID: 34123265 PMCID: PMC8148384 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a denitrogenative palladium-catalyzed cascade for the modular and regioselective synthesis of polysubstituted fluorenes. Hydrazone facilitates the Pd(ii) to Pd(iv) oxidative addition in a Catellani pathway and is also the methylene synthon in the proposed reaction. Aryl iodides and 2-bromoarylaldehyde hydrazones undergo a norbornene-controlled tandem reaction sequence to give a broad scope of fluorenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The method described is scalable and adaptable to a three-component reaction with in situ generation of the hydrazone group. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
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16
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Komeyama K, Michiyuki T, Osaka I. Nickel/Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Tosylates. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Zeng H, Luo Z, Han X, Li CJ. Metal-Free Construction of the C(sp 3)-CF 3 Bond: Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones with Togni's Reagent under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2019; 21:5948-5951. [PMID: 31310139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free trifluoromethylation of hydrazones with Togni's reagent under mild conditions was developed. Various functional groups including ester, methoxy, dimethoxy, nitro, halogen, and heterocyclic compounds were tolerated. This simple and green strategy provides a practical tool to construct C(sp3)-CF3 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
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Cao D, Pan P, Zeng H, Li CJ. Umpolung cross-coupling of polyfluoroarenes with hydrazones via activation of C–F bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9323-9326. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An umpolung strategy for the cross-coupling of polyfluoroarenes with various substituted hydrazones to construct C(sp2)–C(sp3) bonds is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pan Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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