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Guo F, Shan S, Gong X, Dai C, Quan Z, Cheng X, Fan X. Deuteration Degree-Controllable Methylation via a Cascade Assembly Strategy using Methylamine-Water as Methyl Source. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301458. [PMID: 37222652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel and effective photocatalytic method for the methylation of β-diketones with controllable degrees of deuterium incorporation via development of new methyl sources. By utilizing a methylamine-water system as the methyl precursor and a cascade assembly strategy for deuteration degree control, we synthesized methylated compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, showcasing the versatility of this approach. We examined a range of β-diketone substrates and synthesized key intermediates for drug and bioactive compounds with varying degrees of deuterium incorporation, ranging from 0 to 3. We also investigated and discussed the postulated reaction pathway. This work demonstrates the utility of readily available reagents, methylamines and water, as a new methyl source, and provides a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of degree-controllable deuterium-labelled compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhu Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiquan Shan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Cancan Dai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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The quest for magic: recent advances in C(sp 3)–H methylation. PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Frequently referred to as the “magic methyl” effect, the introduction of a methyl group into a biologically active molecule has the potential to drastically alter its physical and biological properties and significantly increase potency. This effect is most pronounced when the methyl group is added at the α-position of an aliphatic heterocycle or ortho to a large rotatable group on an aromatic ring. Although seminal developments in C–H activation strategies offered solutions to the latter, until recent years there had been no selective and functional-group-tolerant method for C(sp3)–H methylation at late stages of synthesis. For many years, the lack of a generally applicable methylation strategy necessitated arduous de novo synthesis approaches to access methylated drug candidates, and discouraged further investigation and understandings of the magic methyl effect. This review will provide a summary of the most recent advances that enabled non-directed late-stage C(sp3)–H methylation, including through hydride transfer, chemical or anodic oxidation, and photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer.
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Nuciferine, an active ingredient derived from lotus leaf, lights up the way for the potential treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106002. [PMID: 34826599 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, is an increasingly global public health problem associated complications. However, the proven anti-obesity agents are inefficient with adverse side effects; hence attention is being paid to novel drugs from natural resources to manage obesity and obesity-related diseases. Nuciferine (NF) is a high-quality aporphine alkaloid present in lotus leaf. Unlike the chemical drugs, NF elicits anti-obesity, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects, and affinity to neural receptors, and protection against obesity-related diseases. The underlying mechanism of NF includes the regulation of targeted molecules and pathways related to metabolism, inflammation, and cancer and modulation of Ca2+ flux, gut microbiota, and ferroptosis. Besides, the clinical application, availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and security of NF have been established, highlighting the potential of developing NF as an anti-obesity agent. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summarization, which sheds light on future research in NF.
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Kato K, Uraguchi D, Ooi T. o-Quinone methide with overcrowded olefinic core as a catalytically-active surrogate of triarylmethylium salt for dehydridative oxidation of benzylic alcohols under aerobic photoirradiation conditions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Millán RE, Rodríguez J, Sarandeses LA, Gómez-Bengoa E, Sestelo JP. Indium(III)-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Frameworks by Cascade Cycloisomerization Reactions of Aryl 1,5-Enynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9515-9529. [PMID: 34170696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The indium(III)-catalyzed cascade cycloisomerization reaction of 1,5-enynes with pendant aryl nucleophiles is reported. The reaction proceeds in cascade under mild reaction conditions, using InI3 (5 mol %) as a catalyst with a range of 1,5-enynes furnished with aryl groups (phenyl and phenol) at alkene (E and Z isomers) and with terminal and internal alkynes. Using 1-bromo-1,5-enynes, a one-pot sequential indium-catalyzed cycloisomerization and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with triorganoindium reagents were developed. The double cyclization is stereospecific and operates via a biomimetic cascade cation-olefin through 1,5-enyne cyclization (6-endo-dig) and subsequent C-C hydroarylation or C-O phenoxycyclization. Density functional theory (DFT) computational studies on 1,5-enynyl aryl ethers support a two-step mechanism where the first stereoselective 1,5-enyne cyclization produces a nonclassical carbocation intermediate that evolves to the tricyclic reaction product through a SEAr mechanism. Using this approach, a variety of tricyclic heterocycles such as benzo[b]chromenes, phenanthridines, xanthenes, and spiroheterocyclic compounds are efficiently synthesized with high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón E Millán
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis A Sarandeses
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20009 Donostia-San, Sebastián
| | - José Pérez Sestelo
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Singh P, Batra A, Singh KN, Mritunjay M. Transition-Metal-Free Strategies for the Synthesis of C-1 Aryl-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1344-2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are important structural motifs and are widely found in bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals and synthetic drugs. In view of increasing environmental awareness, the development of transition-metal-free strategies for the synthesis of these compounds is highly desirable. Metal-free oxidative coupling and lithiation methodologies have emerged as effective tools in this area as they exclude the use of transition-metal catalysts and help in reducing unwanted and toxic-metal-based chemical waste in the environment. This review highlights recent advances on the direct arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines for the synthesis of the title compounds in the absence of a metal salt. Also, the emphasis has been placed on mechanistic considerations of these reactions.1 Introduction2 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Oxidative Coupling2.1 Arylation Using Grignard Reagents2.2 Arylation Using Other Organometallic Reagents2.3 Arylation Using Aryl Organoboranes or Arenes3 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Lithiation3.1 Intermolecular Arylation3.2 Intramolecular Arylation4 Conclusion and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aanchal Batra
- PG Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women
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Uraguchi D, Kato K, Ooi T. o-Quinone methide with overcrowded olefin component as a dehydridation catalyst under aerobic photoirradiation conditions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2778-2783. [PMID: 34164041 PMCID: PMC8179400 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An o-quinone methide (o-QM) featuring an overcrowded olefinic framework is introduced, which exhibits dehydridation activity owing to its enhanced zwitterionic character, particularly through photoexcitation. The characteristics of this o-QM enable the operation of dehydridative catalysis in the oxidation of benzylic secondary alcohols under aerobic photoirradiation conditions. An experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations provide mechanistic insights; the ground-state zwitterionic intermediate abstracts a hydride and proton simultaneously, and the active oxygen species facilitate catalyst regeneration. An o-quinone methide (o-QM) featuring an overcrowded olefinic framework is introduced, which exhibits dehydridation activity owing to its enhanced zwitterionic character, particularly through photoexcitation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uraguchi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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Chen Y, Xia L, Chang Y, Ma W, Wang B. Application of N-Alkyl Amines as Versatile Building Blocks in Oxidative Coupling Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202009034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Xu Q, Li B, Ma Y, Sun F, Gao Y, Ye N. K 2S 2O 8-HFIP synergistically promoted para-selective sp 3 C-H bond diarylation of glycine esters. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:666-670. [PMID: 31894805 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free K2S2O8-HFIP synergistically promoted double Friedel-Crafts alkylation between a glycine derivative and N-substituted aniline was developed to efficiently synthesize diarylmethane derivatives with high para-selectivity. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the absence of any metal and ligand, and exhibited a good tolerance of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Bang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yujie Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yanan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Na Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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