1
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Bhanja R, Kanti Bera S, Mal P. Sustainable Synthesis through Catalyst-Free Photoinduced Cascaded Bond Formation. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400279. [PMID: 38717944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The beginning of photochemical reactions revolutionized synthetic chemistry through sustainable practices. This review explores cutting-edge developments in leveraging light-induced processes for generating cascaded C-C and C-hetero bonds without catalysts. Significantly, catalyst-free photoinduced methodologies have garnered considerable attention, especially in the creation of varied heterocyclic frameworks for drug design and the synthesis of natural products. The article delves into underlying mechanisms, addresses limitations, and evaluates various methodologies, emphasizing the potential of photocatalyst and transition metal-free photochemical reactions to enhance sustainability. Divided into two sections, it covers recent strides in C-C and C-heteroatom and multiple C-heteroatom bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Bhanja
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
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2
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Ni C, Pan S, Yuan C, Qin S. Synthesis of 1,2-Fused Benzimidazoles by Amine-Initiated [3 + 3] Annulations of β'-Acetoxy Allenoates with 1C,3N-Bisnucleophiles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The amine-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulations of β'-acetoxy allenoates with 1C,3N-bisnucleophiles have been established. Under the optimal reaction conditions, this operationally simple synthetic process works well with a wide substrate scope, delivering novel 1,2-fused benzimidazole derivatives in moderate to good yields. In addition, preliminary attempts on the asymmetric version of this reaction have been explored by using cinchona alkaloid-based tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Shiyu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Shuya Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
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3
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Roy S, Panja S, Sahoo SR, Chatterjee S, Maiti D. Enroute sustainability: metal free C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2391-2479. [PMID: 36924227 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The term "C-H functionalisation" incorporates C-H activation followed by its transformation. In a single line, this can be defined as the conversion of carbon-hydrogen bonds into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. The catalytic functionalisation of C-H bonds using transition metals has emerged as an atom-economical technique to engender new bonds without activated precursors which can be considered as a major drawback while attempting large-scale synthesis. Replacing the transition-metal-catalysed approach with a metal-free strategy significantly offers an alternative route that is not only inexpensive but also environmentally benign to functionalize C-H bonds. Recently metal free synthetic approaches have been flourishing to functionalize C-H bonds, motivated by the search for greener, cost-effective, and non-toxic catalysts. In this review, we will highlight the comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on recent examples of ground-breaking research on green and sustainable metal-free C-H bond functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sumeet Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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4
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Yi X, Zhao Z, Wang M, Yu W, Chang J. Synthesis of 1,2-Fused/Disubstituted Benzimidazoles and Benzimidazolium Salts by I 2-Mediated sp 3 C–H Amination. Org Lett 2022; 24:8703-8708. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yi
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zongxiang Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Mandal S, Pramanik A. Synthesis of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Pyrrolo/Indolo[1,2- a]quinoxaline-Fused Lactam Derivatives via PhI(OAc) 2-Promoted 1,2-Bond Migration and Solvent Insertion. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9282-9295. [PMID: 35786893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PhI(OAc)2-mediated ring expansion via 1,2-bond migration and concurrent solvent insertion generate hydroxylated polycyclic pyrrolo/indolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-fused lactam derivatives in a highly diastereoselective fashion from spiro-fused quinoxalines in good-to-excellent yield. X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that the polycyclic lactams are nonplanar molecules devoid of any symmetry as they possess one or two axially chiral biaryl or N-arylindolyl bridges along with one chiral center at the bridgehead carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhro Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Animesh Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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6
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Mathuri A, Pramanik M, Parida A, Mal P. Disulfide metathesis via sulfur⋯iodine interaction and photoswitchability. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8539-8543. [PMID: 34546277 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The idea of constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC) and dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is widespread in the literature using the chemistry of disulfides. The synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl disulfides is challenging due to the presence of a weak S-S bond. We report herein the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl disulfides from two symmetrical disulfides via a cross-metathesis reaction which was controlled by a weak sulfur⋯iodine (S⋯I) interaction. The unsymmetrical disulfides were stable in acetonitrile solution in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), and found to be reversibly photoswitchable to the symmetrical disulfides under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Mathuri
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Milan Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Amarchand Parida
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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7
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Bera SK, Boruah PJ, Parida SS, Paul AK, Mal P. A Photochemical Intramolecular C-N Coupling Toward the Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Fused Phenanthridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9587-9602. [PMID: 34191516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a direct photochemical dehydrogenative C-N coupling of unactivated C(sp2)-H and N(sp2)-H bonds. The catalysts or additive-free transformation of 2-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole to benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine was achieved at ∼350 nm of irradiation via ε-hydrogen abstraction. DFT calculations helped to understand that the N-H···π interaction was essential for the reaction to proceed at a lower energy than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, District Khurda, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Palash J Boruah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, Meghalaya, India
| | - Shraddha Saraswati Parida
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, District Khurda, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Amit K Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong 793003, Meghalaya, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, District Khurda, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India
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8
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Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092684. [PMID: 34064312 PMCID: PMC8124402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a perspective on the synthesis of alicyclic and heterocyclic ring-fused benzimidazoles, imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazoles, and imidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazoles. These heterocycles have a plethora of biological activities with the iminoquinone and quinone derivatives displaying potent bioreductive antitumor activity. Synthesis is categorized according to the cyclization reaction and mechanisms are detailed. Nitrobenzene reduction, cyclization of aryl amidines, lactams and isothiocyanates are described. Protocols include condensation, cross-dehydrogenative coupling with transition metal catalysis, annulation onto benzimidazole, often using CuI-catalysis, and radical cyclization with homolytic aromatic substitution. Many oxidative transformations are under metal-free conditions, including using thermal, photochemical, and electrochemical methods. Syntheses of diazole analogues of mitomycin C derivatives are described. Traditional oxidations of o-(cycloamino)anilines using peroxides in acid via the t-amino effect remain popular.
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9
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Talukdar V, Vijayan A, Kumar Katari N, Radhakrishnan KV, Das P. Recent Trends in the Synthesis and Mechanistic Implications of Phenanthridines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | | | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
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10
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Yang YO, Wang X, Xiao J, Li Y, Sun F, Du Y. Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Under Metal-free Conditions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822999201117154919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the past several decades, hypervalent iodine chemistry has witnessed prosperous
development as hypervalent iodine reagents have been widely used in various organic transformations.
Specifically, hypervalent iodine reagents have been vastly used in various bondforming
reactions. Among these oxidative coupling reactions, the reactions involving the
formation of C-N bond have been extensively explored to construct various heterocyclic
skeletons and synthesize various useful building blocks. This review article is to summarize
all the transformations in which carbon-nitrogen bond formation occurred by using hypervalent
iodine reagents under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin O. Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaxi Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology; Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Bauer A, Maulide N. Recent discoveries on the structure of iodine(iii) reagents and their use in cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:853-864. [PMID: 34163852 PMCID: PMC8178994 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article discusses structural features of iodine(iii) compounds as a prelude to presenting their use as umpolung reagents, in particular as pertains to their ability to promote the selective coupling of two nucleophilic species via 2e- oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria http://maulide.univie.ac.at
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12
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Shi J, Li J, Zhao W, Cui M, Ni W, Li L, Liu W, Xu K, Zhang S. Regioselective intramolecular sp2 C–H amination: direct vs. mediated electrooxidation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported an electrochemical intramolecular C–H amination approach to construct benzimidazole-fused phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxue Shi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Mengru Cui
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wanying Ni
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Lijun Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Kun Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang
- China
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Bhattacherjee D, Shaifali, Kumar A, Sharma A, Purohit R, Das P. Iodine(iii) promoted ring-rearrangement reaction of 1-arylamino-2-oxocyclopentane-1-carbonitriles to synthesize N-aryl-δ-valerolactams. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:745-749. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally benign hypervalent iodine(iii) has been utilised selectively for carbocyclic to heterocyclic ring transformation under various electronic conditions with detailed structural and mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Bhattacherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061
- India
- Ural Federal University
| | - Shaifali
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061
- India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- New Delhi
- India
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT)
| | - Pralay Das
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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