1
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Zhang W, Yang DN, Guo DD, Wang P, Han MY. Chemoselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Dithioacetals through Sequential Carbene Insertion and Acetal Exchange of Acylsilanes and Thiols under Visible Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1282-1286. [PMID: 38301045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dithioacetals are a frequently used motif in synthetic organic chemistry, and most existing reports discuss only symmetrical dithioacetals. Examples of unsymmetrical dithioacetals are scarce, and few general methods for the selective synthesis of these compounds exists. An intriguing visible-light-induced strategy has been established in this work for sequential reactions of S-H insertion and acetal exchange between acylsilanes and two different thiols that deliver a wide variety of unsymmetrical dithioacetals in moderate yields. The unsymmetrical dithioacetals were obtained with high selectivity, and a great variety of functional groups were tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Dou-Dou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Man-Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
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2
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Zhang J, He Z. Lewis Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Vinylogous Aldol Reaction and Chemoselective Syntheses of 3-Hydroxy-2,3-Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofurans and Indolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13102-13114. [PMID: 37672638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A Lewis base-catalyzed intramolecular vinylogous aldol reaction of o-(allyloxy)phenyl ketoesters or o-(allylamino)phenyl ketoesters has been developed. This reaction provides ready access to 3-hydroxy-2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans and indolines in high yields with excellent chemoselectivity and diastereoselectivity. An acid-promoted dehydration of such products further extends the utility of the reaction to the synthesis of 2-alkenyl benzofurans and indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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3
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Liang XX, Zhu C, Zhang W, Du YN, Xu L, Liu L, Zhang Y, Han MY. Nucleophilic Allylation of Acylsilanes in Water: An Effective Alternative to Functionalized Tertiary α-Silylalcohols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12087-12099. [PMID: 37497648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A nucleophilic allylation of acylsilanes in water was developed, generating versatile functionalized tertiary α-silyl alcohols in high yields. With the assistance of hydrogen bonding, a reaction model of less reactive acylsilane was achieved. Unlike the conventional strategy, transition metals and an additional Lewis acid catalyst were not required, and rate acceleration was observed in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Man-Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
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4
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Schulte R, Löcker M, Ihmels H, Heide M, Engelhard C. Pushing Photochemistry into Water: Acceleration of the Di-π-Methane Rearrangement and the Paternó-Büchi Reaction "On-Water". Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203203. [PMID: 36398899 PMCID: PMC10107481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two representative organic photoreactions, namely a bimolecular photocycloaddition and a monomolecular photorearrangement, are presented that are accelerated when the reaction is performed "on-water", that is, at the water-substrate interface with no solvation of the reaction components. According to the established models of ground-state reactions "on-water", the enhanced efficiency of the photoreactions is explained by hydrophobic effects (Paternó-Büchi reaction) or specific hydrogen bonding (di-π-methane rearrangement) at the water-substrate interface that decrease the energy of the respective transition state. These results point to the potential of this approach to conduct photoreactions more efficiently in an ecologically favorable medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schulte
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Marco Löcker
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heide
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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5
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Shostak S, Park W, Oh J, Kim J, Lee S, Nam H, Filatov M, Kim D, Choi CH. Ultrafast Excited State Aromatization in Dihydroazulene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1638-1648. [PMID: 36633597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state aromatization dynamics in the photochemical ring opening of dihydroazulene (DHA) is investigated by nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations in connection with the mixed-reference spin-flip (MRSF)-TDDFT method. It is found that, in the main reaction channel, the ring opening occurs in the excited state in a sequence of steps with increasing aromaticity. The first stage lasting ca. 200 fs produces an 8π semiaromatic S1 minimum (S1, min) through an ultrafast damped bond length alternation (BLA) movement synchronized with a partial planarization of the cycloheptatriene ring. An additional ca. 200 fs are required to gain the vibrational energy needed to overcome a ring-opening transition state characterized by an enhanced Baird aromaticity. Unlike other BLA motions of ππ* state, it was shown that their damping is a characteristic feature of aromatic bond-equalization process. In addition, some minor channels of the reaction have also been discovered, where noticeably higher barriers of the S1 non/antiaromatic transition structures must be surmounted. These anti-Baird channels led to reformation of DHA or other closed-ring products. The observed competition between the Baird and anti-Baird channels suggests that the quantum yield of photochemical products can be controllable by tipping their balance. Hence, here we suggest including the concept of anti-Baird, which would expand the applicability of Baird rule to much broader situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Shostak
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Woojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System (Graduate school) and Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hyeongwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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6
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Bai G, Yang Y, Wang X, Wu J, Wang H, Ye X, Bao X. DBU Promoted Polysubstituted Arene Formation via a Michael Addition/Cyclization/Elimination Cascade Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238167. [PMID: 36500260 PMCID: PMC9738611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward construction of polysubstituted arenes is essential in both synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we reported a DBU promoted Michael addition/cyclization/elimination cascade reaction between vinylogous malononitrile derivatives and chlorinated nitrostyrenes for the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes. The method features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope and high yield. Interestingly, preliminary study of the enantioselective version of this cascade was conducted to give chiral biaryl atropisomers with up to 40% ee through center-to-axial chirality transfer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guishun Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang International Sci-Tech Cooperation Base for the Exploitation and Utilization of Nature Product, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.Y.); (X.B.)
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7
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Arginine‐Catalyzed Henry Reaction of α‐Keto Amides with Nitromethane on Water. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Wang Y, Han J, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wei W, Jian Y. “On water” Catalytic Michael Addition Between α,β-Unsaturated Ketone and Nitromethane. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Zhu C, Han MY, Liang XX, Guan B, Li P, Wang L. Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Sequential Reaction of Silyl Glyoxylates: Stereoselective Synthesis of Silyl Enol Ethers. Org Lett 2021; 23:54-59. [PMID: 33320686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrogen-bond-assisted sequential reaction of silyl glyoxylates is described. This method provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of silyl enol ethers with high selectivity. In these transformations, hydrogen bonds from 2-nitroethanol and its derivatives are critical to the stereochemical outcome. Both E- and Z-isomers are achieved via Henry reaction/Brook rearrangement/elimination and Henry reaction/Brook rearrangement/retro-Henry reaction/elimination processes, respectively (up to 99:1 Z-selectivity, and 9.2:1 E-selectivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Man-Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Xia Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
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10
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Wang Q, An Y, Du G, Cai ZH, Dai B, He L. Direct Assembly of Polysubstituted Naphthalenes via a Tandem Reaction of Benzynes and α-Cyano-β-methylenones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14210-14218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Yi An
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Guangfen Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, China
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11
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Han MY, Pan H, Li P, Wang L. Aqueous ZnCl 2 Complex Catalyzed Prins Reaction of Silyl Glyoxylates: Access to Functionalized Tertiary α-Silyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5825-5837. [PMID: 32250619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Prins reaction of silyl glyoxylates in the presence of an aqueous ZnCl2 complex as a catalyst was developed, providing functionalized tertiary α-silyl alcohols in high yields under mild conditions. A preliminary investigation indicated that the aqueous ZnCl2 complex acted as a dual functional catalyst of Brønsted and Lewis acid to activate the carbonyl groups of silyl glyoxylates via a dual-activation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yi Han
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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12
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Wang DK, Fang YL, Zhang J, Guan YT, Huang XJ, Zhang J, Li Q, Wei WT. Radical cyclizations of enynes/dienes with alcohols in water using a green oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8491-8495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, eco-friendly, and efficient methodology for performing radical cyclizations of enynes/dienes with alcohols in water has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Yu-Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Xun-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institution of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo
- China
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