1
|
Demidoff FC, Costa PRR, Caleffi GS. Advances in the synthesis of rearranged homoisoflavonoids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4839-4863. [PMID: 38819298 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rearranged homoisoflavonoids constitute a unique group of natural products, renowned for their structural diversity and complexity. These compounds, derived from modifications in the 3-benzylchroman skeleton, are categorized into four subclasses: brazilin, caesalpin, protosappanin, and scillascillin homoisoflavonoids. This review examines the advancements in the total synthesis of these complex structures, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities encountered. A comparative analysis of the strategies employed thus far to synthesize these compounds provides a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Demidoff
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560 Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu XT, Cheng QY, Chen YP, Li K, Yan CX, Li D, Shao LD. Hydroxymethylation hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene through a catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction: cyclization logic and access to brazilin core. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38740677 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction for hydroxymethylation and hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene was successfully utilized to prepare various 1,3-dioxanes 7 in 14-88% yields. Take advantage of the synthetic intermediate 7h, the key B/C rings in brazilin core could be constructed by the sequential of Friedel-Crafts/Ullmann-Ma rather than Ullmann-Ma/Friedel-Crafts reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ting Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qing-Yan Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cai-Xian Yan
- Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Dashan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Li-Dong Shao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Han X, Yu L, Zhang J, Huang S, Yang X, Chang H. Chemoenzymatic formal synthesis of (+)-brazilin. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38712549 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2349255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the manuscript presents a chemoenzymatic formal synthetic route of (+)-brazilin, a homoisoflavonoid natural product with a chroman skeleton cis-fused with a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene unit, which is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine, Caesalpinia sappan L. The key feature of the synthetic strategy includes an enzyme-mediated desymmetrization by employing lipase from Candida antarctica type B (CALB) and a one-pot SN2/hydrolysis reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liuping Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xihua Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honghong Chang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rojas EM, Zhang H, Velu SE, Wu H. Tetracyclic homoisoflavanoid (+)-brazilin: a natural product inhibits c-di-AMP-producing enzyme and Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0241823. [PMID: 38591917 PMCID: PMC11064632 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02418-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tenacious biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans are resistant to conventional antibiotics and current treatments. There is a growing need for novel therapeutics that selectively inhibit S. mutans biofilms while preserving the normal oral microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that increased levels of cyclic di-AMP, an important secondary messenger synthesized by diadenylate cyclase (DAC), favored biofilm formation in S. mutans. Thus, targeting S. mutans DAC is a novel strategy to inhibit S. mutans biofilms. We screened a small NCI library of natural products using a fluorescence detection assay. (+)-Brazilin, a tetracyclic homoisoflavanoid found in the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan, was identified as one of the 11 "hits," with the greatest reduction (>99%) in fluorescence at 100 µM. The smDAC inhibitory profiles of the 11 "hits" established by a quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography assay revealed that (+)-brazilin had the most enzymatic inhibitory activity (87% at 100 µM) and was further studied to determine its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 25.1 ± 0.98 µM). (+)-Brazilin non-competitively inhibits smDAC's enzymatic activity (Ki = 140.0 ± 27.13 µM), as determined by a steady-state Michaelis-Menten kinetics assay. In addition, (+)-brazilin's binding profile with smDAC (Kd = 11.87 µM) was illustrated by a tyrosine intrinsic fluorescence quenching assay. Furthermore, at low micromolar concentrations, (+)-brazilin selectively inhibited the biofilm of S. mutans (IC50 = 21.0 ± 0.60 µM) and other oral bacteria. S. mutans biofilms were inhibited by a factor of 105 in colony-forming units when treated with 50 µM (+)-brazilin. In addition, a significant dose-dependent reduction in extracellular DNA and glucan levels was evident by fluorescence microscopy imaging of S. mutans biofilms exposed to different concentrations of (+)-brazilin. Furthermore, colonization of S. mutans on a representative model of enamel using suspended hydroxyapatite discs showed a >90% reduction with 50 µM (+)-brazilin. In summary, we have identified a drug-like natural product inhibitor of S. mutans biofilm that not only binds to smDAC but can also inhibit the function of smDAC. (+)-Brazilin could be a good candidate for further development as a potent therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.IMPORTANCEThis study represents a significant advancement in our understanding of potential therapeutic options for combating cariogenic biofilms produced by Streptococcus mutans. The research delves into the use of (+)-brazilin, a natural product, as a potent inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans' diadenylate cyclase (smDAC), an enzyme crucial in the formation of biofilms. The study establishes (+)-brazilin as a non-competitive inhibitor of smDAC while providing initial insights into its binding mechanism. What makes this finding even more promising is that (+)-brazilin does not limit its inhibitory effects to S. mutans alone. Instead, it demonstrates efficacy in hindering biofilms in other oral bacteria as well. The broader spectrum of anti-biofilm activity suggests that (+)-brazilin could potentially serve as a versatile tool in a natural product-based treatment for combating a range of conditions caused by resilient biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin M. Rojas
- School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Division of Biomaterial & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Biomaterial & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shekhar C, Satyanarayana G. Acid-Mediated Cascade Cyclization Pathway to Indeno[2,1- c]chromen-6(7 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13404-13417. [PMID: 37721969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing mild and effective synthetic strategies for producing significant molecules starting from readily available starting materials is indispensable in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a triflic acid-driven dual cyclization pathway to produce functionalized indeno[2,1-c]chromen-6(7H)-ones from simple 2-formyl (or 2-acyl) cinnamate esters and phenols. Notably, this protocol enabled the construction of two C-C bonds and one C-O bond under metal-free reaction conditions via the activation of the unreactive ester moiety in a single pot. The isolation of intermediate indenol-ester might suggest self-intramolecular cycloaddition by the proximate double bond of the enoate ester with the o-carbonyl moiety, followed by an electrophilic attack with phenol and a subsequent cyclocondensation pathway. In addition, the photophysical properties have also been examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chander Shekhar
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 284, India
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502 284, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Construction of Benzo‐Fused Heterocycles by Epoxide–Heteronucleophile Cyclization: Applications in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Designed Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Xu D, Liu J, Han X, Huang S, Yang X. A novel total synthesis of (+)-brazilin. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2047732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xihua Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Cancer Institute, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Huang C, Li C. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chia‐Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Li CJ, Huang CY. Deoxygenative Functionalizations of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112770. [PMID: 34780098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, into functionalized alkanes via deoxygenation would be highly desirable from a sustainability perspective and very enabling in chemical synthesis. This review covers the recent methodology development in carbonyl and carboxyl deoxygenative functionalizations, highlighting some typical and significant contributions in this field. These advances will be categorized based on types of bond formation, and in each part, selected examples will be discussed from their generalized mechanistic perspectives. Four summarized reactivity modes of aldehydes and ketones during the deoxygenation, namely, bis-electrophile, carbenoid, bis-nucleophile and alkyl radical, are presented, while the carboxylic acids are deoxygenated mainly via activated carbonyl or acetal intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- McGill University, Chemistry, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, H3A0B8, Montreal, CANADA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prakash M, Lodhi R, Samanta S. Substrate-Controlled Domino Reaction of N-Sulfonyl Ketimines with 2-Aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates: Access to Cyclopenta[c]chromenes and Benzo[f]cyclopenta[d][1,2]thiazepine Dioxides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6721-6733. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meher Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Rajni Lodhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seeman JI. The Relationship of William Henry Perkin, Jr. and Sir Robert Robinson: Teacher and Student, then Student and Teacher. Chemistry 2021; 27:1576-1591. [PMID: 33372706 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
William Henry Perkin, Jr. FRS, the son of the inventor of mauve and other commercial dyes and credited for initiating the industrialization of chemistry, was himself a notable chemist. He was the Professor of Organic Chemistry at Manchester from 1892-1912 and then was the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at Oxford and the first Head of the Dyson Perrins Laboratory from 1912-1929. One of Perkin's graduate students and research assistants at Manchester was Robert Robinson, subsequently Sir Robert Robinson, FRS and recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Perkin and Robinson had perhaps the most productive and broad collaboration between a professor and one's student. Together, during and after Robinson's student days, they had 71 joint publications, 25 of which involved just the two of them, 17 of which involved the structure determination of strychnine, and eight of which were published after Perkin's death in 1929. Upon Perkin's early death, Robinson succeeded him as the fourth Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory, Oxford University. This Essay will examine the professional relationship of Perkin, Jr. and Robinson as revealed in their joint publications on the structure of strychnine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang S, Ou W, Li W, Xiao H, Pang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L. A total synthesis of (+)-brazilin. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|