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Tcyrulnikov S, Hubbell AK, Pedro D, Reyes GP, Monfette S, Weix DJ, Hansen EC. Computationally Guided Ligand Discovery from Compound Libraries and Discovery of a New Class of Ligands for Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Challenging Quinoline Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6947-6954. [PMID: 38427582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Although screening technology has heavily impacted the fields of metal catalysis and drug discovery, its application to the discovery of new catalyst classes has been limited. The diversity of on- and off-cycle pathways, combined with incomplete mechanistic understanding, means that screens of potential new ligands have thus far been guided by intuitive analysis of the metal binding potential. This has resulted in the discovery of new classes of ligands, but the low hit rates have limited the use of this strategy because large screens require considerable cost and effort. Here, we demonstrate a method to identify promising screening directions via simple and scalable computational and linear regression tools that leads to a substantial improvement in hit rate, enabling the use of smaller screens to find new ligands. The application of this approach to a particular example of Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides revealed a previously overlooked trend: reactions with more electron-poor amidine ligands result in a higher yield. Focused screens utilizing this trend were more successful than serendipity-based screening and led to the discovery of two new types of ligands, pyridyl oxadiazoles and pyridyl oximes. These ligands are especially effective for couplings of bromo- and chloroquinolines and isoquinolines, where they are now the state of the art. The simplicity of these models with parameters derived from metal-free ligand structures should make this approach scalable and widely accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K Hubbell
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dylan Pedro
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Giselle P Reyes
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric C Hansen
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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2
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Cook A, Bezaire M, Newman SG. Nickel-catalyzed desulfonylative olefination of β-hydroxysulfones. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed C–O bond activation is used to access alkenes directly from β-hydroxysulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maxwell Bezaire
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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3
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Suzuki M, Terada M, Nakamura I. Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement of O-aryl ketoximes via oxidative addition of N–O bond in inverse electron flow †. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5705-5711. [PMCID: PMC10231427 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes were promoted by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-copper catalysts and BF3·OEt2 as an additive, affording ortho-aminophenol derivatives in good yields. The reaction of substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenol moiety are accelerated by adding silver salt and modifying the substituent at the nitrogen atom. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the rate-determining step of this reaction is the oxidative addition of the N–O bond of the substrate to the copper catalyst. The negative ρ values of the substituent at both the oxime carbon and phenoxy group indicate that the donation of electrons by the oxygen and nitrogen atoms accelerates the oxidative addition. [1,3]-Nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes was catalytically promoted by IPrCuBr and BF3·OEt2. The oxidative addition of the N–O bond to the Cu catalyst is accelerated by donation of electrons from both nitrogen and oxygen atoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
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4
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Xu T, Li W, Zhang K, Han Y, Liu L, Huang T, Li C, Tang Z, Chen T. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Cyanation of Carboxylic Acids with TMSCN. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11871-11879. [PMID: 35951542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct decarbonylative cyanation of benzoic acids with TMSCN was achieved through palladium catalysis. By this strategy, a wide range of nitriles including those with functional groups was synthesized in good to high yields. Moreover, this reaction applied to modifying bioactive molecules such as adapalene, probenecid, telmisartan, and 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid. These results demonstrate that this new reaction has potential synthetic value in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuhui Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemistry, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Lin HS, Chen SJ, Huang JM. Electrosynthesis of (hetero)aryl nitriles from α-imino-oxy acids via oxidative decarboxylation/N-O cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8974-8977. [PMID: 35861309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl nitriles via iminyl radicals has been developed through the electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy acids. This protocol provides an efficient approach to nitriles with a broad range of functional-group tolerance under ambient conditions and can be applied for one-pot gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Shu-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China.
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Ano Y, Higashino M, Yamada Y, Chatani N. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of nitriles from N-phthaloyl hydrazones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3799-3802. [PMID: 35229860 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00342b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed transformation of N-phthaloyl hydrazones into nitriles involving the cleavage of an N-N bond is reported. The use of N-heterocyclic carbene as a ligand is essential for the success of the reaction. N-Phthaloyl hydrazones prepared from aromatic aldehydes or cyclobutanones are applicable to this transformation, which gives aryl or alkenyl nitriles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Higashino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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7
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Sahoo S, Pal S. Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Quinazolinones from 2-Nitrobenzaldehydes with Aldehydes: Application toward the Synthesis of Natural Products. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18067-18080. [PMID: 34813342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel, efficient, and atom-economical approach for the construction of quinazolinones from 2-nitrobenzaldehydes has been unveiled via copper-catalyzed nitrile formation, hydrolysis, and reduction in one pot for the first time. In this reaction, urea is used as a source of nitrogen for nitrile formation, hydrazine hydrate is used for both the reduction of the nitro group and the hydrolysis of nitrile, and atmospheric oxygen is used as the sole oxidant. The method portrays a wide substrate scope with good functional group tolerances. Moreover, this method was applied for the synthesis of schizocommunin, tryptanthrin, phaitanthrin-A, phaitanthrin-B, and 8H-quinazolino[4,3-b]quinazolin-8-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sahoo
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Shantanu Pal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Odisha 752050, India
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Stivanin ML, Duarte M, Leão LPMO, Saito FA, Jurberg ID. Visible-Light-Mediated Strategies for the Preparation of Oxime Ethers Derived from O-H Insertions of Oximes into Aryldiazoacetates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17528-17532. [PMID: 34793163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two visible-light-mediated O-H insertion protocols involving oximes and aryldiazoacetates leading to different products depending on the solvent employed are reported. In DCM, direct O-H insertion takes place. In THF, there is the additional incorporation of the ring-opened form of this solvent into the structure of the product. These metal-free protocols are mild and tolerant to air and moisture. The preparation of an acaricide has been developed as an example of synthetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus L Stivanin
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duarte
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo M O Leão
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Saito
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor D Jurberg
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Monteiro Lobato 270, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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