Palladium-Catalyzed Multistep Tandem Carbonylation/N-Dealkylation/Carbonylation Reaction: Access to Isatoic Anhydrides

Facile Cleavage of Activated Ketones: An Access to Thioethers via In Situ Generation of Anhydrides by Pummerer-Type Rearrangement

Herein, we report an oxygen insertion in activated ketones from simple inorganic carbonates for the synthesis of symmetric aromatic anhydrides. For the first time, Li2CO3 acts as an oxygen source and the in situ generated symmetric aromatic anhydrides undergo Pummerer-type rearrangement to access α-benzoyloxy-thioethers. Attractively, this protocol occurs under metal-, ligand-, and oxidant-free conditions and is compatible with a wide range of substrates. Control experiments reveal the reaction pathway.

Pd-catalysed synthesis of oxomalonamides through adjacent triple carbonylation of tertiary amines

The monocarbonylation and dicarbonylation reactions are well-established reactions in carbonylation chemistry. This work reports unusual oxidative adjacent triple carbonylation of the tertiary amine towards oxomalonamide synthesis using a Pd catalyst. The protocol involves the use of inert tertiary amines as an active reservoir of secondary amines through sp3 C-N bond activation using O2 as an ideal oxidant.

Palladium-catalyzed C-H dimethylamination of 1-chloromethyl naphthalenes with N,N-dimethylformamide as the dimethyl amino source

Palladium-catalyzed remote C-H dimethylamination of 1-chloromethylnaphthalenes using N,N-dimethylformamide as the dimethylamino source is described for the first time. The dimethylamination took place exclusively at the 4-position of 1-chloromethylnaphthalenes in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran under mild conditions to afford 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4-alkylnaphthalenes in good to high yields. The halogen atom remained intact during the dimethylamination of 1-chloromethylnaphthalenes. A P,N bidentate ligand was conveniently synthesized and successfully utilized as the ligand in the Kumada-Corriu reaction.

Oxidative C-H/N-H Carbonylation of Benzamide by Nickel Catalysis with CO as the Carbonyl Source

An efficient and direct carbonylation of aminoquinoline benzamides has been developed using abundant and inexpensive Ni(OAc)₂·4H₂O as the catalyst and carbon monoxide as a cost-efficient C1 building block. This process features good functional-group tolerance and can be conducted on gram scale. The directing group can be easily removed under mild conditions.

The Synthesis, Structural Modification and Mode of Anticancer Action of Evodiamine: a review

BACKGROUND

Finding novel antitumor reagents from naturally occurring alkaloids is a widely accepted strategy. Evodiamine, a tryptamine indole alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacteria. Hence, research works on the structural modification of evodiamine will facilitate the discovery of new antitumor drugs.

OBJECTIVE

The recent advances in the synthesis of evodiamine, and studies on the drug design, biological activities, and structure-activity-relationships of its derivatives, published in patents and primary literatures, are reviewed in this paper.

METHODS

The literatures, including patents and follow-up research papers from 2015 to 2020, related to evodiamine is searched in the Scifinder, PubMed, Espacenet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The key words are evodiamine, synthesis, modification, anticancer, mechanism.

RESULTS

The synthesis of evodiamine are summarized. Then, structural modifications of evodiamine are described, and the possible modes of actions are discussed.

CONCLUSION

Evodiamine has a 6/5/6/6/6 ring system, and the structural modifications are focused on ring A, D, E, C5, N-13, and N-14. Some compounds show promising anticancer potentials and warrant further study.

Discovery of Novel Polycyclic Heterocyclic Derivatives from Evodiamine for the Potential Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Evodiamine (Evo) is a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid found in Evodia rutaecarpa and exhibits moderate antiproliferative activity. Herein, we report using a scaffold-hopping approach to identify a series of novel polycyclic heterocyclic derivatives based on Evo as the topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitor for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options. The most potent compound 7f inhibited cell growth in a human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231) with an IC₅₀ value of 0.36 μM. Further studies revealed that Top1 was the target of 7f, which directly induced irreversible Top1-DNA covalent complex formation or induced an oxidative DNA lesion through an indirect mechanism mediated by reactive oxygen species. More importantly, in vivo studies showed that 7f exhibited potent antitumor activity in a TNBC-patient-derived tumor xenograft model. These results suggest that compound 7f deserves further investigation as a promising candidate for the treatment of TNBC.

Convenient Novel Method to Access N-Benzylated Isatoic Anhydride: Reaction Behavior of Isatoic Anhydride with 4-Chlorobenzyl Chloride in the Presence of Bases

Sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, and other bases are commonly used for N-alkylation of heterocyclic compounds. This report reveals the problems associated with N-benzylation of isatoic anhydride and identifies the plausible byproduct structures formed during the reaction. Subsequently, a novel breakthrough methodology has been developed using diisopropylamine and tetra butyl ammonium bromide. It gives excellent yields >88% in a short reaction time (2 h) at 30 °C with no byproducts, saving on processes as the pure product is directly obtained.