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Matuszewska O, Battisti T, Ferreira RR, Biot N, Demitri N, Mézière C, Allain M, Sallé M, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E, Fresta E, Costa RD, Bonifazi D. Tweaking the Optoelectronic Properties of S-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Chemical Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203115. [PMID: 36333273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene, an S-doped analog of peri-xanthenoxanthene, is used as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffold to tune the molecular semiconductor properties by editing the oxidation state of the S-atoms. Chemical oxidation of peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene with H2 O2 led to the relevant sulfoxide and sulfone congeners, whereas electrooxidation gave access to sulfonium-type derivatives forming crystalline mixed valence (MV) complexes. These complexes depicted peculiar molecular and solid-state arrangements with face-to-face π-π stacking organization. Photophysical studies showed a widening of the optical bandgap upon progressive oxidation of the S-atoms, with the bis-sulfone derivative displaying the largest value (E00 =2.99 eV). While peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene showed reversible oxidation properties, the sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives mainly showed reductive events, corroborating their n-type properties. Electric measurements of single crystals of the MV complexes exhibited a semiconducting behavior with a remarkably high conductivity at room temperature (10-1 -10-2 S cm-1 and 10-2 -10-3 S cm-1 for the O and S derivatives, respectively), one of the highest reported so far. Finally, the electroluminescence properties of the complexes were tested in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), obtaining the first S-doped mid-emitting PAH-based LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Matuszewska
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tommaso Battisti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ruben R Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Biot
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cécile Mézière
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Yuan L, Liu Y, Sun W, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. PO-containing dibenzopentaarenes: facile synthesis, structures and optoelectronic properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11892-11898. [PMID: 35876191 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of heteroatoms into polyarenes has been developed as an effective approach to alter their intrinsic structures and properties. Herein, we designed and synthesized two PO-containing dibenzopentaarene isomers (5a and 5b) and studied their structures and properties, along with those of dibenzopentaarenes containing six-membered Si- and B-heterocycles (3 and 4). These heterocyclic polyarenes have similar frameworks to well-known heptazethrene, and thus can be regarded as members of the heteroatom-doped zethrene system. The heterocycles greatly affect not only the molecular and packing structures but also the electronic structures and properties. Notably, while compounds 3 and 4 adopt almost planar geometries, 5a possesses a clearly curved conformation, leading to its brick-type slipped and dense π-π stacking mode. Moreover, the electron-withdrawing PO groups endow 5a and 5b with simultaneously lowered lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)/highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels, whereas the p-π conjugation of the B atoms in 4 leads to its smaller energy gap and thus remarkably red-shifted absorption and fluorescence bands by over 80 nm, though all of these molecules possess similar closed-shell structures. This study thus deepens the understanding of heteroatom-doping effects, which may be expanded to develop other heteroatom-doped zethrene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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3
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Takiguchi A, Inai N, Kang S, Hagai M, Lee S, Yanai T, Kim D, Shinokubo H. 5-Thiaporphyrinium cation: effect of sulphur incorporation on excited state dynamics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5956-5959. [PMID: 35438694 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesised thionium-ion embedded aromatic porphyrinoids: a free-base 5-thiaporphyrinium cation and its zinc complex. The sulphur atom effectively participates in the macrocyclic π-conjugation. Fluorescence quantum yields of thiaporphyrinium cations were lower than 1% unlike oxaporphyrinium cations. Detailed photophysical analysis and DFT calculations clarified the vibrational mode regarding the out-of-plane motion of the sulphur atom induced ultrafast quenching of the excited state in comparison to the corresponding oxaporphyrinium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Masaya Hagai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Seokwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan. .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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4
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Dosso J, Bartolomei B, Demitri N, Cossío FP, Prato M. Phenanthrene-Extended Phenazine Dication: An Electrochromic Conformational Switch Presenting Dual Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7295-7301. [PMID: 35412820 PMCID: PMC9052754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis and
isolation of one of the few examples of a π-extended
diamagnetic phenazine dication have been achieved by oxidizing a phenanthrene-based
dihydrophenazine precursor. The resulting dication was isolated and
fully characterized, highlighting an aromatic distorted structure,
generated by the conformational change upon the oxidation of the dihydrophenazine
precursor, which is also correlated with a marked electrochromic change
in the UV–vis spectrum. The aromaticity of the dication has
also been investigated theoretically, proving that the species is
aromatic based on all major criteria (structural, magnetic, and energetic).
Moreover, the material presents an intriguing dual reactivity, resulting
in ring contraction to a π-extended triarylimidazolinium and
reduction to the dihydrophenazine precursor, depending on the nature
of the nucleophile involved. This result helps shed light on the yet
largely unexplored reactivity and properties of extended dicationic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In particular, the fact that
the molecule can undergo a reversible change in conformation upon
oxidation and reduction opens potential applications for this class
of derivatives as molecular switches and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Dosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bartolomei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra─Sincrotrone, Trieste S.S., 14 Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Instituto de Innovaciónen Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CENMAT, Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Zong C, Zhu X, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xu J, Guo J, Xiang Q, Zeng Z, Hu W, Wu J, Li R, Sun Z. Isomeric Dibenzoheptazethrenes for Air‐Stable Organic Field‐Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zong
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin university 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
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7
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Zong C, Zhu X, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xu J, Guo J, Xiang Q, Zeng Z, Hu W, Wu J, Li R, Sun Z. Isomeric Dibenzoheptazethrenes for Air-Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16230-16236. [PMID: 33999484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet diradicaloids hold great potential as semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, their relative low material and device stabilities impede the practical applications. Here, to achieve balanced stability and performance, two isomeric dibenzoheptazethrene derivatives with singlet diradical character were synthesized in a concise manner. Benefitting from the aromatic stabilization, both compounds display a small diradical character and large singlet-triplet gap, as corroborated by variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, single-crystal analysis, and theoretical calculations. OFET devices based on single crystals showed a high hole mobility of 0.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest for zethrene-based semiconductors. Both isomers exhibited remarkable material stability in air-saturated solutions as well as excellent bias-stress and storage stability in device under ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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8
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Tang S, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Wang X. A Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Sulfur-Hydrocarbon Diradical Dication. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7340-7344. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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