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Kim Y, Ham Y, Le TN, Yang H, Lee J, Suh MC. Boosting Hole Mobility: Indenofluorene-Arylamine Copolymers and Their Impact on Solution-Processed OLED Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31372-31383. [PMID: 38853515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We introduce three newly designed thermally cross-linkable hole transport copolymers (PIF-TPD, PIF-F2PCz, and PIF-TPAPCz) for improving the performance of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (s-OLEDs). These copolymers, designed through a strategic molecular approach with benzocyclobutene (BCB) and styrene-based cross-linking monomers, show high solvent resistance at a low cross-linking temperature (150 °C). Furthermore, these conjugated copolymers based on planar indenofluorene with three different hole transport (HT) units, exhibit outstanding charge carrier mobility (1.61 × 10-2 cm2 V-1s-1), demonstrated by comparing hole reorganization energy and electronic coupling strength of HT units. Despite these copolymers showing the overall vertical orientation in the horizontal dipole moment measurement results, we demonstrated that the HT units can exhibit the preferred orientation, contributing to high hole transport properties. As a result, they perform exceptionally well as hole transport layers in green phosphorescent s-OLEDs, achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.3% and a maximum current efficiency of 53.9 cd A-1 with a small efficiency roll-off despite their relatively low triplet energy levels. These results are comparable to vacuum-deposited OLEDs, highlighting the potential of these copolymers in advancing OLED technology for display panels and lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Information Display, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Ham
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering & Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Na Le
- Department of Information Display, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering & Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering & Department of IT·Energy Convergence (BK21 Four), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Suh
- Department of Information Display, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Fan Z, Li B, Ren D, Xu M. Recent Progress of Low Dielectric and High-Performance Polybenzoxazine-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3933. [PMID: 37835982 PMCID: PMC10575129 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of intelligent electronics, big data platforms, and other cutting-edge technologies, traditional low dielectric polymer matrix composites are no longer sufficient to satisfy the application requirements of high-end electronic information materials, particularly in the realm of high integration and high-frequency, high-speed electronic communication device manufacturing. Consequently, resin-based composites with exceptional low dielectric properties have garnered unprecedented attention. In recent years, benzoxazine-based composites have piqued the interest of scholars in the fields of high-temperature-resistant, low dielectric electronic materials due to their remarkable attributes such as high strength, high modulus, high heat resistance, low curing shrinkage, low thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent flame retardancy. This article focuses on the design and development of modification of polybenzoxazine based on low dielectric polybenzoxazine modification methods. Studies on manufacturing polybenzoxazine co-polymers and benzoxazine-based nanocomposites have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mingzhen Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Z.F.); (B.L.); (D.R.)
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Kim S, Yoo H. Recent Progress in Thin-Film Transistors toward Digital, Analog, and Functional Circuits. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2258. [PMID: 36557558 PMCID: PMC9783209 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film transistors have been extensively developed due to their process merit: high compatibility with various substrates, large-area processes, and low-cost processes. Despite these advantages, most efforts for thin-film transistors still remain at the level of unit devices, so the circuit level for practical use needs to be further developed. In this regard, this review revisits digital and analog thin-film circuits using carbon nanotubes (CNTs), organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic semiconductors, metal oxides, and two-dimensional materials. This review also discusses how to integrate thin-film circuits at the unit device level and some key issues such as metal routing and interconnection. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed to pave the way for developing thin-film circuits and their practical applications.
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Saeedifard F, Chang YC, Kippelen B, Marder SR, Barlow S. Thermal Insolubilization of Electrically n-Doped Films Achieved Using 7-Alkoxy-Benzocyclobutene-Substituted Fullerene and Dopant Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8094-8101. [PMID: 36170664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble electrically n-doped fullerene-containing films have been obtained by thermal annealing of a fullerene compound and a 1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole n-dopant moiety, both of which are functionalized with a 7-butoxybenzocyclobutene group. The covalent tethering and electrical doping reactions are studied by mass spectrometry as well as electron paramagnetic resonance. Optical absorption spectra on BBCB-N-DMBI-H-doped BBCBP indicate films heated at 150 °C for 10 min are unaffected by immersion for 10 min in ortho-dichlorobenzene. Although films containing a 10 mol % loading of the dopant showed electrical conductivity values of 1.1 × 10-5 ± 3.4 × 10-7 S cm-1 prior to heating, the thermal insolubilization process led to values around two orders-of-magnitude lower. However, the thermal insolubilization also leads to immobilization of the dopant molecule and the corresponding cation, reducing their ability to diffuse into an adjacent layer of a stronger electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Saeedifard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yi-Chien Chang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bernard Kippelen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Liang M, Zhu Y, Xu R, Wang J, Cui J, Yang D, Nie H, Lau W. Polyacrylic acid
ultra‐thin
films: Influence of
cross‐linking
structure via hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced cross‐linking. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Liang
- Xi'an Institute of Electromechanical Information Technology Xi'an China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Run Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Jian Cui
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Dequan Yang
- Solmont Technology Wuxi Co., Ltd., 228 Linghu Blvd. Wuxi China
| | - Heng‐Yong Nie
- Surface Science Western The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Woon‐Ming Lau
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan China
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Hu Z, Liu X, Ren T, Saeed HAM, Wang Q, Cui X, Huai K, Huang S, Xia Y, Fu K, Zhang J, Chen Y. Research progress of low dielectric constant polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The advent of high frequency communication era presents new challenges for further development of dielectric polymer materials. In the field of communication, efficient signal transmission is critical. The lower the dielectric constant of the dielectric material used, the lower the signal delay and the higher the signal fidelity. The preparation of polymer materials with low dielectric constant or reduce the dielectric constant of polymer materials becomes a key research topic. Summarizing past progress and providing perspective, this paper primarily discusses the intrinsic low dielectric polymers, fluorine doped low dielectric polymers, and microporous low dielectric polymers, while predicting the research trend of low dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education and Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-Innovation Centre of Hubei Province , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China
| | - Tianli Ren
- Mississippi Polymer Institute, The University of Southern Mississippi , Hattiesburg , MS 39406 , USA
| | - Haroon A. M. Saeed
- The Centre of Fibres, Papers, and Recycling, Faculty of Industries Engineering and Technology , University of Gezira , P.O. Box: 20 , Sudan , Shanghai , China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Huai
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Shuohan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, Donghua University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuming Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, Donghua University , Shanghai , China
| | - Kun(Kelvin) Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , DE 19716 , USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao City , 266042 , P. R. China
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Talbot FJT, Zhang S, Satpathi B, Howell GP, Perry GJP, Crisenza GEM, Procter DJ. Modular Synthesis of Stereodefined Benzocyclobutene Derivatives via Sequential Cu- and Pd-Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien J. T. Talbot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Bishnupada Satpathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gareth P. Howell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Gregory J. P. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Kim NW, Choe H, Shah MA, Lee DG, Hur S. High-Density Patterned Array Bonding through Void-Free Divinyl Siloxane Bis-Benzocyclobutene Bonding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3633. [PMID: 34771189 PMCID: PMC8588381 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Divinylsiloxane-bis-benzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) has attracted significant attention as an intermediate bonding material, owing to its excellent properties. However, its applications are limited, due to damage to peripheral devices at high curing temperatures and unoptimized compressive pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the compressive pressure condition for DVS-BCB bonding. This study demonstrates an optimization process for void-free DVS-BCB bonding. The process for obtaining void-free DVS-BCB bonding is a vacuum condition of 0.03 Torr, compressive pressure of 0.6 N/mm2, and curing temperature of 250 °C for 1 h. Herein, we define two factors affecting the DVS-BCB bonding quality through the DVS-BCB bonding mechanism. For strong DVS-BCB bonding, void-free and high-density chemical bonds are required. Therefore, we observed the DVS-BCB bonding under various compressive pressure conditions at a relatively low temperature (250 °C). The presence of voids and high-density crosslinking density was examined through near-infrared confocal laser microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared microscopy. We also evaluated the adhesion of the DVS-BCB bonding, using a universal testing machine. The results suggest that the good adhesion with no voids and high crosslinking density was obtained at the compressive pressure condition of 0.6 N/mm2. We believe that the proposed process will be of great significance for applications in semiconductor and device packaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Woon Kim
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (N.W.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Hyeonjeong Choe
- Department of Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (N.W.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Duck-Gyu Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (N.W.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Shin Hur
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (N.W.K.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Nano-Mechatronics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Wang X, Zheng H, Zhao J, Luo X, Wang Z, Xing B. Photodegradation Elevated the Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics to Grouper ( Epinephelus moara) through Disrupting Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6202-6212. [PMID: 32207945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have caused increasing global concerns due to their detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. However, the role of photodegradation in altering toxicity of MPs to marine organisms is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the photolytic transformation of pristine polystyrene fragments (P-PS) by 60-day ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and compared the toxicity of P-PS, photodegraded PS (PD-PS), and commercially available polystyrene microbeads (C-PS) to juvenile grouper (Epinephelus moara). Photodegradation reduced the size from ∼55.9 μm of P-PS to ∼38.6 μm of PD-PS, even produced nanoparticles (∼75 nm) with a yield of 7.03 ± 0.37% (w/w), and induced surface oxidation and formation of persistent free radicals (e.g., CO•, COO•). Also, endogenous pollutants (chemical additives and polymer fragments) were leached out. Thus, PD-PS had the highest growth inhibition and lipidosis-driven hepatic lesions of grouper, followed by P-PS and C-PS, which was mainly explained by increased hepatic bioaccumulation of MPs/NPs and released endogenous toxicants. Furthermore, oxidative stress-triggered mitochondrial depolarization, suppression of fatty acid oxidation and transport, and promotion of inflammation were identified as the key mechanisms for the enhanced hepatotoxicity after photodegradation. This work provides new insight into the potential hazard and harm of MPs in marine environments after photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianxiang Luo
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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