1
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Villalona J, Higgins PM, Buller AR. Engineered Biocatalytic Synthesis of β-N-Substituted-α-Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311189. [PMID: 37625129 PMCID: PMC10592029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) are useful synthons for the development of new medicines, materials, and probes for bioactivity. Recently, enzyme engineering has been leveraged to produce a suite of highly active enzymes for the synthesis of β-substituted amino acids. However, there are few examples of biocatalytic N-substitution reactions to make α,β-diamino acids. In this study, we used directed evolution to engineer the β-subunit of tryptophan synthase, TrpB, for improved activity with diverse amine nucleophiles. Mechanistic analysis shows that high yields are hindered by product re-entry into the catalytic cycle and subsequent decomposition. Additional equivalents of l-serine can inhibit product reentry through kinetic competition, facilitating preparative scale synthesis. We show β-substitution with a dozen aryl amine nucleophiles, including demonstration on a gram scale. These transformations yield an underexplored class of amino acids that can serve as unique building blocks for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Villalona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peyton M Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew R Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Oroz P, Navo CD, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Peregrina JM. Towards Enantiomerically Pure Unnatural α-Amino Acids via Photoredox Catalytic 1,4-Additions to a Chiral Dehydroalanine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14308-14318. [PMID: 36179039 PMCID: PMC9639051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemo- and diastereoselective 1,4-conjugate additions of anionic and radical C-nucleophiles to a chiral bicyclic dehydroalanine (Dha) are described. Of particular importance, radical carbon photolysis by a catalytic photoredox process using a simple method with a metal-free photocatalyst provides exceptional yields and selectivities at room temperature. Moreover, these 1,4-conjugate additions offer an excellent starting point for synthesizing enantiomerically pure carbon-β-substituted unnatural α-amino acids (UAAs), which could have a high potential for applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oroz
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Claudio D. Navo
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain,
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3
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Navo CD, Oroz P, Mazo N, Blanco M, Peregrina JM, Jiménez-Osés G. Stereoselective α-Deuteration of Serine, Cysteine, Selenocysteine, and 2,3-Diaminopropanoic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6810-6815. [PMID: 36082943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methodologies for synthesizing enantiopure α-deuterated derivatives of serine, cysteine, selenocysteine, and 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid have been developed. H/D exchange was achieved by deprotonation of a chiral bicyclic serine equivalent followed by selective deuteration. Additionally, diastereoselective additions of thiols, selenols, and amines to a chiral bicyclic dehydroalanine in deuterated alcohols allowed site-selective deuteration at the Cα atom of cysteine, selenocysteine, and 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid derivatives. A deuterated analogue of carbocysteine, a drug for the treatment of bronchiectasis, was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Paula Oroz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Nuria Mazo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marina Blanco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús M Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Pitt P, Harwood LM. Kinetics of the parallel-consecutive bimolecular reaction: a solution to the inverse problem involving the Lambert-W function. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24102-24105. [PMID: 34694307 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03611d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the parallel-consecutive bimolecular reaction mechanism, a solution to the inverse kinetic problem can be approached directly using a characteristic equation specified in terms of the Lambert-W function, similar to the logarithmic and reciprocal plot-treatments for simple first and second order reaction kinetics, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AD, UK.
| | - Laurence M Harwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AD, UK.
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5
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Immel JR, Chilamari M, Bloom S. Combining flavin photocatalysis with parallel synthesis: a general platform to optimize peptides with non-proteinogenic amino acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10083-10091. [PMID: 34377401 PMCID: PMC8317666 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most peptide drugs contain non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), born out through extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Synthetically laborious and expensive to manufacture, NPAAs also can have poor coupling efficiencies allowing only a small fraction to be sampled by conventional SPPS. To gain general access to NPAA-containing peptides, we developed a first-generation platform that merges contemporary flavin photocatalysis with parallel synthesis to simultaneously make, purify, quantify, and even test up to 96 single-NPAA peptide variants via the unique combination of boronic acids and a dehydroalanine residue in a peptide. We showcase the power of our newly minted platform to introduce NPAAs of diverse chemotypes-aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic-directly into peptides, including 15 entirely new residues, and to evolve a simple proteinogenic peptide into an unnatural inhibitor of thrombin by non-classical peptide SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Maheshwerreddy Chilamari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas Integrated Science Building Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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Oroz P, Navo CD, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Peregrina JM. Toward Enantiomerically Pure β-Seleno-α-amino Acids via Stereoselective Se-Michael Additions to Chiral Dehydroalanines. Org Lett 2021; 23:1955-1959. [PMID: 33373248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first totally chemo- and diastereoselective 1,4-conjugate additions of Se-nucleophiles to a chiral bicyclic dehydroalanine (Dha) are described. The methodology is simple and does not require any catalyst, providing exceptional yields at room temperature, and involves the treatment of the corresponding diselenide compound with NaBH4 in the presence of the Dha. These Se-Michael additions provide an excellent channel for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure selenocysteine (Sec) derivatives, which pose high potential for chemical biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oroz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús H Busto
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús M Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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7
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Pineda-Castañeda HM, Insuasty-Cepeda DS, Niño-Ramírez VA, Curtidor H, Rivera-Monroy ZJ. Designing Short Peptides: A Sisyphean Task? CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200910094034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, short peptides have become a powerful tool in basic and
applied research, with different uses like diagnostic, antimicrobial peptides, human health
promoters or bioactive peptides, therapeutic treatments, templates for peptidomimetic design,
and peptide-based vaccines. In this endeavor, different approaches and technologies
have been explored, such as bioinformatics, large-scale peptide synthesis, omics sciences,
structure-activity relationship studies, and a biophysical approach, among others, seeking to
obtain the shortest sequence with the best activity. The advantage of short peptides lies in
their stability, ease of production, safety, and low cost. There are many strategies for designing
short peptides with biomedical and industrial applications (targeting the structure, length,
charge, or polarity) or as a starting point for improving their properties (sequence data base,
de novo sequences, templates, or organic scaffolds). In peptide design, it is necessary to keep in mind factors
such as the application (peptidomimetic, immunogen, antimicrobial, bioactive, or protein-protein interaction
inhibitor), the expected target (membrane cell, nucleus, receptor proteins, or immune system), and particular
characteristics (shorter, conformationally constrained, cycled, charged, flexible, polymerized, or pseudopeptides).
This review summarizes the different synthetic approaches and strategies used to design new peptide analogs,
highlighting the achievements, constraints, and advantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Víctor A. Niño-Ramírez
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Zuly J. Rivera-Monroy
- Chemistry Department, Sciences Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
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8
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Eder I, Haider V, Zebrowski P, Waser M. Recent Progress in the Asymmetric Syntheses of α‐Heterofunctionalized (Masked) α‐ and β‐Amino Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Eder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Victoria Haider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Paul Zebrowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
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9
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Gaar J, Naffa R, Brimble M. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their chemical synthesis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarized the enzymatic and non-enzymatic crosslinks found in collagen and elastin and their organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gaar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
| | - Rafea Naffa
- New Zealand Leather and Shoe Research Association
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Margaret Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland Central 1010
- New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
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10
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Wang Y, Du DM. Recent advances in organocatalytic asymmetric oxa-Michael addition triggered cascade reactions. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarized recent advances in organocatalytic asymmetric oxa-Michael addition triggered cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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