Abstract
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Mid-infrared photothermal (MIP) microscopy is a valuable
tool for
sensitive and fast chemical imaging with high spatial resolution beyond
the mid-infrared diffraction limit. The highest sensitivity is usually
achieved with heterodyne MIP employing photodetector point-scans and
lock-in detection, while the fastest systems use camera-based widefield
MIP with pulsed probe light. One challenge is to simultaneously achieve
high sensitivity, spatial resolution, and speed in a large field of
view. Here, we present widefield mid-infrared photothermal heterodyne
(WIPH) imaging, where a digital frequency-domain lock-in (DFdLi) filter
is used for simultaneous multiharmonic demodulation of MIP signals
recorded by individual camera pixels at frame rates up to 200 kHz.
The DFdLi filter enables the use of continuous-wave probe light, which,
in turn, eliminates the need for synchronization schemes and allows
measuring MIP decay curves. The WIPH approach is characterized by
imaging potassium ferricyanide microparticles and applied to detect
lipid droplets (alkyne-palmitic acid) in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells,
both in the cell-silent spectral region around 2100 cm–1 using an external-cavity quantum cascade laser. The system achieved
up to 4000 WIPH images per second at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.52
and 1 μm spatial resolution in a 128 × 128 μm field
of view. The technique opens up for real-time chemical imaging of
fast processes in biology, medicine, and material science.
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