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Al-Zubeidi A, Wang Y, Lin J, Flatebo C, Landes CF, Ren H, Link S. d-Band Holes React at the Tips of Gold Nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5297-5304. [PMID: 37267074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive hot spots on plasmonic nanoparticles have attracted attention for photocatalysis as they allow for efficient catalyst design. While sharp tips have been identified as optimal features for field enhancement and hot electron generation, the locations of catalytically promising d-band holes are less clear. Here we exploit d-band hole-enhanced dissolution of gold nanorods as a model reaction to locate reactive hot spots produced from direct interband transitions, while the role of the plasmon is to follow the reaction optically in real time. Using a combination of single-particle electrochemistry and single-particle spectroscopy, we determine that d-band holes increase the rate of gold nanorod electrodissolution at their tips. While nanorods dissolve isotropically in the dark, the same nanoparticles switch to tip-enhanced dissolution upon illimitation with 488 nm light. Electron microscopy confirms that dissolution enhancement is exclusively at the tips of the nanorods, consistent with previous theoretical work that predicts the location of d-band holes. We, therefore, conclude that d-band holes drive reactions selectively at the nanorod tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Al-Zubeidi
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jiamu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Charlotte Flatebo
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Hang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, United States
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2
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Bals J, Epple M. Deep learning for automated size and shape analysis of nanoparticles in scanning electron microscopy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2795-2802. [PMID: 36756420 PMCID: PMC9850277 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The automated analysis of nanoparticles, imaged by scanning electron microscopy, was implemented by a deep-learning (artificial intelligence) procedure based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It is possible to extract quantitative information on particle size distributions and particle shapes from pseudo-three-dimensional secondary electron micrographs (SE) as well as from two-dimensional scanning transmission electron micrographs (STEM). After separation of particles from the background (segmentation), the particles were cut out from the image to be classified by their shape (e.g. sphere or cube). The segmentation ability of STEM images was considerably enhanced by introducing distance- and intensity-based pixel weight loss maps. This forced the neural network to put emphasis on areas which separate adjacent particles. Partially covered particles were recognized by training and excluded from the analysis. The separation of overlapping particles, quality control procedures to exclude agglomerates, and the computation of quantitative particle size distribution data (equivalent particle diameter, Feret diameter, circularity) were included into the routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bals
- Inorganic Chemistry, Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry, Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 45117 Essen Germany
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3
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Kim MJ, Herchenova Y, Chung J, Na SH, Kim EJ. Thermodynamic investigation of nanoplastic aggregation in aquatic environments. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119286. [PMID: 36323211 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the aggregation behavior of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in the absence or presence of oppositely charged particulate matters is systematically investigated for a wide range of electrolyte conditions. Herein, we used isothermal titration calorimetry combined with time-resolved dynamic light scattering to provide kinetic and thermodynamic insights into the NP aggregation. The thermodynamic profiles of homoaggregation and heteroaggregation were fit using an independent site and two independent sites models, respectively, demonstrating different interaction modes of both aggregation processes. We found that the contribution of solvation entropy was significant and variable in most cases, and this thermodynamic parameter was a large determinant of the thermodynamics of NP aggregation. Furthermore, the stability of PS NPs in natural water matrices was found to be correlated with ionic strength and the content of natural colloids (e.g., metal oxides and clay particles). These results point to the importance of considering the role of thermodynamic variables when studying the fate of NPs within various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Yuliia Herchenova
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jaeshik Chung
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Na
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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4
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TESN: Transformers enhanced segmentation network for accurate nanoparticle size measurement of TEM images. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Orr-Ewing AJ, Crawford TD, Zanni MT, Hartland G, Shea JE. A Venue for Advances in Experimental and Theoretical Methods in Physical Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:177-179. [PMID: 35045707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - T Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.,Molecular Sciences Software Institute, 1880 Pratt Drive, Suite 1100, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gregory Hartland
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Kim J, Lahlil K, Gacoin T, Kim J. Measuring the order parameter of vertically aligned nanorod assemblies. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7630-7637. [PMID: 33928956 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanorod assemblies are of great interest both for fundamental studies of anisotropic physical properties arising from the structures and for the development of functional devices utilizing such anisotropic characteristics. Simultaneous measurement of the homeotropic order parameter (Shomeo) of assemblies in dynamic states can allow further optimization of the assembly process and the device performance. Although many techniques (e.g. birefringence measurement, SAXS analysis, and high-resolution microscopy) have been proposed to characterise Shomeo, these do not yet meet the essential criteria such as for rapid, in situ and non-destructive analyses. Here, we propose a novel approach employing a unique photoluminescence behaviour of lanthanide-doped crystalline nanorods, of which the emission spectrum contains the detailed information on the structure of the assembly. We demonstrate a rapid in situ determination of Shomeo of Eu3+-doped NaYF4 nanorods of which the orientation is controlled under an external electric field. The method does not require the consideration of polarization and can be performed using a conventional fluorescence microscopy setup. This new methodology would provide a more in-depth examination of various assembled nanostructures and the collective dynamics of their building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmo Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Khalid Lahlil
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Jongwook Kim
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
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Monchot P, Coquelin L, Guerroudj K, Feltin N, Delvallée A, Crouzier L, Fischer N. Deep Learning Based Instance Segmentation of Titanium Dioxide Particles in the Form of Agglomerates in Scanning Electron Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:968. [PMID: 33918779 PMCID: PMC8068950 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The size characterization of particles present in the form of agglomerates in images measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) requires a powerful image segmentation tool in order to properly define the boundaries of each particle. In this work, we propose to use an algorithm from the deep statistical learning community, the Mask-RCNN, coupled with transfer learning to overcome the problem of generalization of the commonly used image processing methods such as watershed or active contour. Indeed, the adjustment of the parameters of these algorithms is almost systematically necessary and slows down the automation of the processing chain. The Mask-RCNN is adapted here to the case study and we present results obtained on titanium dioxide samples (non-spherical particles) with a level of performance evaluated by different metrics such as the DICE coefficient, which reaches an average value of 0.95 on the test images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Monchot
- Data Science and Uncertainty Department, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (K.G.); (N.F.)
| | - Loïc Coquelin
- Data Science and Uncertainty Department, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (K.G.); (N.F.)
| | - Khaled Guerroudj
- Data Science and Uncertainty Department, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (K.G.); (N.F.)
| | - Nicolas Feltin
- Department of Materials Science, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Alexandra Delvallée
- Department of Materials Science, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Loïc Crouzier
- Department of Materials Science, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (N.F.); (A.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- Data Science and Uncertainty Department, National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing, 29 Avenue Roger Hennequin, 78197 Trappes, France; (K.G.); (N.F.)
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Grebe V, Liu M, Weck M. Quantifying patterns in optical micrographs of one- and two-dimensional ellipsoidal particle assemblies. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10900-10909. [PMID: 33118580 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01692f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current developments in colloidal science include the assembly of anisotropic colloids with broad geometric diversity. As the complexity of particle assemblies increases, the need for ubiquitous algorithms that quantitatively analyze images of the assemblies to deliver key information such as quantification of crystal structures becomes more urgent. This contribution describes algorithms capable of image analysis for classifying colloidal structures based on abstracted interparticle relationship information and quantitatively analyzing the abundance of each structure in mixed pattern assemblies. The algorithm parameters can be adjusted, allowing for the algorithms to be adapted for different image analyses. Three different ellipsoidal particle assembly images are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms: a one-dimensional (1D) particle chain assembly and two two-dimensional (2D) polymorphic crystals each consisting of assemblies of two distinct plane symmetry groups. Angle relationships between neighbouring particles are calculated and neighbour counts of each particle are determined. Combining these two parameters as rules for classification criteria allows for the labeling and quantification of each particle into a defined symmetry class within an assembly. The algorithms provide a labelled image comprising classification results and particle counts of each defined class. For multiple images or individual frames from a video, the script can be looped to achieve automatic processing. The yielded classification data allow for more in-depth image analysis of mixed pattern particle assemblies. We envision that these algorithms will have utility in quantitative analysis of images comprising ellipsoidal colloidal materials, nanoparticles, or biological matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Grebe
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Herchenova Y, Park HY, Kim EJ. Entropy-Driven Aggregation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7134-7139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Herchenova
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Park
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST-School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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