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Shin J, Choi M, Shim D, Ziehl TJ, Park S, Cho E, Zhang P, Lee H, Kang J, Jeong S. Unveiling the Nanocluster Conversion Pathway for Highly Monodisperse InAs Colloidal Quantum Dots. JACS AU 2024; 4:1097-1106. [PMID: 38559718 PMCID: PMC10976596 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have garnered significant attention in nanoscience and technology, with a particular emphasis on achieving high monodispersity in their synthesis. Recent advances in understanding the chemistry of reaction intermediates such as magic-sized nanoclusters (MSC) have paved the way for innovative synthetic strategies. Notably, monodisperse CQDs of various compositions, including indium phosphide, indium arsenide, and cadmium chalcogenide, have been successfully prepared using nanocluster intermediates as single-source precursors. Still, the early stage conversion chemistry of these nanoclusters preceding CQD formation has not been fully unveiled yet. Herein, we report the first-order conversion of amorphous nanoclusters (AMCs) to InAs MSCs prior to the formation of CQDs. We find that MSC, isolated via gel-permeation chromatography, is more stable than purified AMCs, as demonstrated in various chemical and thermolytic reactions. While the surface of InAs AMCs and MSC is similarly bound with carboxylate ligands, detailed structural analyses employing synchrotron X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveil subtle distinctions arising from the distinct surface properties and structural disorder characteristics of InAs nanoclusters. We propose that InAs AMCs undergo a surface reduction and structural ordering process, resulting in the formation of an InAs MSC in a thermodynamically local minimum state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both types of nanoclusters serve as viable precursors, providing a similar monomer supply rate at elevated temperatures of around 300 °C. This study offers invaluable insights into the interplay of structure and chemical stability in binary nanoclusters, enhancing our ability to design these nanoclusters as precursors for highly monodisperse CQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Shin
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Mahnmin Choi
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Doeun Shim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Tyler Joe Ziehl
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Halifax NSB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Seongmin Park
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Cho
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Halifax NSB3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Joongoo Kang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
- Sungkyunkwan Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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2
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Chen Z, Ashokan A, Russo SP, Mulvaney P. Temperature Dependence of the CdS Bandgap in the Extreme Confinement Regime. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9287-9294. [PMID: 37811888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A non-empirical equation describing the effect of size on the temperature dependence of the optical bandgap of CdS (dEg/dT) is obtained on the basis of the Brus equation. Intriguingly, we find that dEg/dT diverges strongly from bulk values only within the "extreme confinement" (EC) regime. We conducted both experimental and theoretical investigations of the absorption spectra of CdS clusters and quantum dots as a function of temperature above room temperature. Our results show that the value of dEg/dT obtained from absorption spectra in the EC regime is 2.5 times higher than in the strong confinement regime. Notable ligand sensitivities are also observed for dEg/dT in the case of CdS clusters. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations reveal that thermal fluctuations are the crucial factor influencing the bandgap temperature coefficient. Our results help resolve some long-standing debates regarding the dEg/dT behavior of semiconductor quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arun Ashokan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Chen Z, Manian A, Dong Y, Russo SP, Mulvaney P. Ligand and solvent effects on the absorption spectra of CdS magic-sized clusters. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887770. [PMID: 37129143 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The absorption spectra of congenetic wurtzite (WZ) and zincblende (ZB) CdS magic-sized clusters are investigated. We demonstrate that the exciton peak positions can be tuned by up to 500 meV by varying the strong coupling between X-type ligands and the semiconductor cores, while the addition of L-type ligands primarily affects cluster midgap states. When Z-type ligands are displaced by L-type ligands, red shifts in the absorption spectra are observed, despite the fact there is a small decrease in cluster size. Density functional theory calculations are used to explain these findings and they reveal the importance of Cd and S dangling bonds on the midgap states during the Z- to L-type ligand exchange process. Overall, ZB CdS clusters show higher chemical stability than WZ clusters but their optical properties exhibit greater sensitivity to the solvent. Conversely, WZ CdS clusters are not stable in a Lewis base-rich environment, resulting in various changes in their spectra. Our findings enable researchers to select capping ligands that modulate the optical properties of semiconductor clusters while maintaining precise control over their solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Yihan Dong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Nguyen KA, Pachter R, Day PN. Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic Spectra of Cadmium Chalcogenide 2D Nanoplatelets. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8818-8825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A. Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio45432, United States
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
| | - Paul N. Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio45432, United States
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Greytak AB, Abiodun SL, Burrell JM, Cook EN, Jayaweera NP, Islam MM, Shaker AE. Thermodynamics of nanocrystal–ligand binding through isothermal titration calorimetry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13037-13058. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Manipulations of nanocrystal (NC) surfaces have propelled the applications of colloidal NCs across various fields such as bioimaging, catalysis, electronics, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Sakiru L. Abiodun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Jennii M. Burrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Emily N. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Nuwanthaka P. Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Md Moinul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Abdulla E Shaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Nguyen KA, Pachter R, Day PN. Theoretical analysis of structures and electronic spectra of molecular colloidal cadmium sulfide clusters and nanoplatelets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:094302. [PMID: 34496584 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we systematically examine structures and absorption spectra for CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) with thicknesses of two and three monolayers (2 MLs and 3 MLs) and extended lateral dimensions. These nanoplatelet model systems, passivated with formate and acetate ligands, are used to analyze the effects of quantum confinement in the lateral dimension within an extended monolayer and the effects of thickness when changing from two to three monolayers. Based on the computed cubic structures using density functional theory (DFT), we found good agreement between observed and time-dependent DFT-calculated spectra, revealing little ligand participation to influence the color and intensity of low-energy absorption bands as the structures are laterally extended to eight and seven monolayers for 2-ML and 3-ML systems, respectively. The spectral redshift for 3-ML CdS NPLs is attributed to the electron delocalization due to expansion of the nanoplatelet in the lateral and vertical directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Nguyen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Paul N Day
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
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