Stepwise Microhydration of Isoxazole: Infrared Spectroscopy of Isoxazole-(Water)n≤2 Clusters in Helium Nanodroplets

An infrared spectroscopic study of trifluoromethoxybenzene⋯methanol complexes formed in superfluid helium nanodroplets

We have studied the intermolecular complex formation between trifluoromethoxybenzene and methanol (CD₃OD) in superfluid helium droplets by infrared spectroscopy in the spectral range of 2630-2730 cm^-1, covering the O-D stretches of methanol-d₄ (CD₃OD). The cluster size associated with the observed bands is deduced from the variation of infrared intensity of a particular band with the partial pressures of trifluoromethoxybenzene and methanol. Quantum chemical calculations are performed at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory to complement the experimental results. As a result, we have identified six different conformers of the trifluoromethoxybenzene⋯methanol intermolecular complex: three bound via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and the other three via O-H⋯π hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, to access the effect of fluorination on the methyl unit of anisole molecules, we compare the IR spectrum of trifluoromethoxybenzene (C₆H₅OCF₃)⋯methanol with our earlier reported spectrum of anisole (C₆H₅OCH₃)⋯methanol.

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Benzonitrile-(Water)1-2 Clusters in Helium Droplets

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered as primary carriers of the unidentified interstellar bands. The recent discovery of the first interstellar aromatic molecule, benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN), suggests a repository of aromatic hydrocarbons in the outer earth environment. Herein, we report an infrared (IR) study of benzonitrile-(D₂O)_n clusters using mass-selective detection in helium nanodroplets. In this work, we use isotopically substituted water, D₂O, instead of H₂O because of our restricted IR frequency range (2565-3100 cm^-1). A comparison of the experimental and predicted spectra computed at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of benzonitrile-(water)_1-2 clusters reveals the formation of a unique local minimum structure, which was not detected in previous gas-phase molecular beam experiments. Here, the solvent water forms a nearly linear hydrogen bond (H-bond) with the nitrile nitrogen of benzonitrile, while the previously reported most stable cyclic H-bonded isomer is not observed. This can be rationalized by the stepwise aggregation process of precooled monomers. The addition of a second water molecule results in the formation of two different isomers. In one of the observed isomers, a H-bonded water chain binds linearly to the nitrile nitrogen similar to the monohydrated benzonitrile-water complex. In the other observed isomer, the water dimer forms a ring-type structure, where a H-bonded water dimer simultaneously interacts with the nitrile nitrogen and the adjacent ortho CH group. Finally, we compare the water-binding motif in the neutral benzonitrile-water complex with the corresponding positively and negatively charged benzonitrile-water monohydrates to comprehend the charge-induced alteration of the solvent binding motif.