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Zhou H, Lau VM, Love JA. Colorimetric Detection of Sulfur Mustard with 4-( p-Nitrobenzyl)pyridine and Its Derivatives. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8406-8415. [PMID: 38728057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a simple, highly sensitive, and selective colorimetric method for detecting sulfur mustard (SM) and its simulants. This method relies on a nucleophilic substitution reaction between derivatives of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) and SM and subsequent treatment with an external base, resulting in a visible response. This reaction exhibits an impressively low detection threshold by the naked eye, as low as 10 ppm at room temperature. In contrast to the conventional use of NBP for detecting other alkylating agents, such as nitrogen mustard, our approach eliminates the need for prolonged heating or intricate extraction processes. Both computational and experimental investigations underscore the significance of water within our detection medium as it stabilizes crucial episulfonium cation intermediates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical applicability of this sensor by incorporating it onto cellulose and silica surfaces, which may provide guidance for the design and development of solid-state SM detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vivian M Lau
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A 8K6, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Love
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Nagasaka M. Probing Isolated Water Molecules in Aqueous Acetonitrile Solutions Using Oxygen K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:5165-5170. [PMID: 38713030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of an aqueous acetonitrile solution exhibited a sharp peak at approximately 537 eV, which was similar to that of water vapor and was not observed in liquid water. The inner-shell spectra of isolated water molecules and water clusters of different sizes surrounded by acetonitrile molecules were obtained by extracting these water structures from the liquid structures of aqueous acetonitrile solutions, as calculated using molecular dynamics simulations. The sharp peak profiles of the O K-edge XAS spectra were derived not from water clusters but from isolated water molecules surrounded by acetonitrile molecules. The present study proposes that isolated water molecules are easily formed in aqueous acetonitrile solutions and that the electronic structures of the isolated water molecules can be analyzed using O K-edge XAS spectra, which separates the contributions of small water clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Alías-Rodríguez M, Bonfrate S, Park W, Ferré N, Choi CH, Huix-Rotllant M. Solvent Effects and pH Dependence of the X-ray Absorption Spectra of Proline from Electrostatic Embedding Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics and Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip Time-dependent Density-Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 38019644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The accurate description of solvent effects on X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) is fundamental for comparing the simulated spectra with experiments in solution. Currently, few protocols exist that can efficiently reproduce the effects of the solute/solvent interactions on XAS. Here, we develop an efficient and accurate theoretical protocol for simulating the solvent effects on XAS. The protocol combines electrostatic embedding QM/MM based on electrostatic potential fitted operators for describing the solute/solvent interactions and mixed-reference spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (MRSF-TDDFT) for simulating accurate XAS spectra. To demonstrate the capabilities of our protocol, we compute the X-ray absorption of neutral proline in the gas phase and ionic proline in water in all relevant K-edges, showing excellent agreement with experiments. We show that states represented by core to π* transitions are almost unaffected by the interaction with water, whereas the core to σ* transitions are more impacted by the fluctuation of proline structure and the electrostatic interaction with the solvent. Finally, we reconstruct the pH-dependent XAS of proline in solution, determining that the N K-edge can be used to distinguish its three protonation states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Woojin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Nicolas Ferré
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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Janesko BG. Core-Projected Hybrids Fix Systematic Errors in Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Predicted Core-Electron Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37437304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely applied to valence, Rydberg, and charge-transfer excitations but, in its current form, makes large errors for core-electron excitations. This work demonstrates that the admixture of nonlocal exact exchange in atomic core regions significantly improves TDDFT-predicted core excitations. Exact exchange admixture is accomplished using projected hybrid density functional theory [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 837-847]. Scalar relativistic TDDFT calculations using core-projected B3LYP accurately model core excitations of second-period elements C-F and third-period elements Si-Cl, without sacrificing performance for the relative shifts of core excitation energies. Predicted K-edge X-ray near absorption edge structure (XANES) of a series of sulfur standards highlight the value of this approach. Core-projected hybrids appear to be a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for core excitations, in the way that long-range-corrected hybrids are a practical solution to TDDFT's limitations for Rydberg and charge-transfer excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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Tsuru S, Sharma B, Marx D, Hättig C. Structural Sampling and Solvation Models for the Simulation of Electronic Spectra: Pyrazine as a Case Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2291-2303. [PMID: 36971352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sampling methods on spectral broadening in the gas phase and on the convergence of spectra in aqueous solution when using microsolvation, continuum solvation, and hybrid models is studied using pyrazine as a test case. For the sake of comparing classical Maxwell-Boltzmann and Wigner samplings in the gas phase, static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra after photoexcitation to the lowest 1B2u(ππ*) state, as well as the static UV-vis absorption spectrum, are considered. In addition, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of pyrazine in aqueous solution is also computed in order to systematically investigate its convergence with the number of explicitly included solvent shells with and without taking bulk solvation effects into account with the conductor-like screening model to represent implicit water beyond such explicit solute complexes. Concerning the static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra of pyrazine at the carbon K-edge as well as its UV-vis absorption spectrum in the gas phase, we find that these spectra obtained with Wigner and Maxwell-Boltzmann samplings substantially agree. For the UV-vis absorption spectrum in the aqueous solution, only the first two energetically low-lying bands converge quickly with the size of the explicitly included solvation shells, either with or without an additional continuum solvation taken into account. In stark contrast, calculations of the higher-lying excitations relying on finite microsolvated clusters without additional continuum solvation severely suffer from unphysical charge-transfer excitations into Rydberg-like orbitals at the cluster/vacuum interface. This finding indicates that computational UV-vis absorption spectra covering sufficiently high-lying states converge only if continuum solvation of the explicitly microsolvated solutes is included in the models.
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Nagasaka M. Carbon K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of liquid alcohols from quantum chemical calculations of liquid structures obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024501. [PMID: 36641387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For reproducing the carbon K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of liquid alcohols, inner-shell quantum chemical calculations based on the Hartree-Fock method were performed with the snapshots of the liquid structures obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. The C K-edge inner-shell spectrum of liquid ethanol (EtOH) was obtained by the summation of one thousand calculated spectra of EtOH molecules including neighbor EtOH molecules within the CH2-CH2 distance of 6 Å. For the C K-edge inner-shell spectrum of liquid methanol (MeOH), we have calculated one thousand spectra of MeOH molecules including neighbor MeOH molecules within the CH3-CH3 distance of 6 Å. The calculated C K-edge inner-shell spectra of liquid alcohols well reproduced the spectral shapes of the experimentally obtained x-ray absorption spectra and the spectral changes from gas to liquid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Yadav P, Verma A, Sonker P, Sharma VP, Kumar A, Yadav T, Pal S, Saha S, Tewari A. The enthralling effect of packing on the light emission of pyridazinone based luminophore: Crystallographic, electronic absorption and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Yadav P, Verma A, Sharma VP, Singh R, Yadav T, Kumar R, Pal S, Gupta H, Saha S, Tewari AK. The development of a robust folded scaffold as a fluorescent material using butylidine-linked pyridazinone-based systems via aromatic π⋯π stacking interactions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-capable robust folded pyridazinone-based homo- and heterodimers linked with butylidine linkers, whose crystals exhibit fluorescence with quantum yields of 11% (1CN) and 28% (2CN) due to intramolecular stacking, were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Abhineet Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Vishal Prasad Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Tarun Yadav
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar, Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-211002, India
| | - Shiv Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay-400076, India
| | - Hariom Gupta
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Ashish K. Tewari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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