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Garg D, Chopra P, Lee JWL, Tikhonov DS, Kumar S, Akcaalan O, Allum F, Boll R, Butler AA, Erk B, Gougoula E, Gruet SP, He L, Heathcote D, Jones E, Kazemi MM, Lahl J, Lemmens AK, Liu Z, Loru D, Maclot S, Mason R, Merrick J, Müller E, Mullins T, Papadopoulou CC, Passow C, Peschel J, Plach M, Ramm D, Robertson P, Rompotis D, Simao A, Steber AL, Tajalli A, Tul-Noor A, Vadassery N, Vinklárek IS, Techert S, Küpper J, Rijs AM, Rolles D, Brouard M, Bari S, Eng-Johnsson P, Vallance C, Burt M, Manschwetus B, Schnell M. Ultrafast dynamics of fluorene initiated by highly intense laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38958416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the ultrafast dynamics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene initiated by an intense femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse (810 nm) and probed by a weak visible pulse (405 nm). Using a multichannel detection scheme (mass spectra, electron and ion velocity-map imaging), we provide a full disentanglement of the complex dynamics of the vibronically excited parent molecule, its excited ionic states, and fragments. We observed various channels resulting from the strong-field ionization regime. In particular, we observed the formation of the unstable tetracation of fluorene, above-threshold ionization features in the photoelectron spectra, and evidence of ubiquitous secondary fragmentation. We produced a global fit of all observed time-dependent photoelectron and photoion channels. This global fit includes four parent ions extracted from the mass spectra, 15 kinetic-energy-resolved ionic fragments extracted from ion velocity map imaging, and five photoelectron channels obtained from electron velocity map imaging. The fit allowed for the extraction of 60 lifetimes of various metastable photoinduced intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Garg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pragya Chopra
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sonu Kumar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alexander A Butler
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva Gougoula
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Lanhai He
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen Jones
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mehdi M Kazemi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Lahl
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander K Lemmens
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donatella Loru
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Robert Mason
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Merrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erland Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Terry Mullins
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marius Plach
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Robertson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alcides Simao
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Atia Tul-Noor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nidin Vadassery
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivo S Vinklárek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kitagawa K, Fujihara A, Yatsuhashi T. Charge-Dependent Metastable Dissociations of Multiply Charged Decafluorobiphenyl Formed by Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2023; 12:A0130. [PMID: 37799935 PMCID: PMC10548501 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser ionization is a unique means to produce multiply charged organic molecules in the gas phase. The charge-dependent chemical reactions of such electron-deficient molecules are interesting from both fundamental and applied scientific perspectives. We have reported the production of quadruply charged perfluoroaromatics; however, they were so stable that we cannot obtain information about their chemical reactions. In general, it might be difficult to realize the conflicting objectives of observing multiply charged molecular ion themselves and their metastable dissociations. In this study, we report the first example showing metastable dissociations of several charge states within the measurable time range of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Metastable dissociations were analyzed by selecting a precursor ion with a Bradbury-Nielsen ion gate followed by time-of-flight analysis using a reflectron. We obtained qualitative information that triply and quadruply charged decafluorobiphenyl survived at least in the acceleration region but completely decomposed before entering a reflectron. In contrast, three dissociation channels for singly and one for doubly charged molecular ions were discriminated by a reflectron and determined with the help of ion trajectory simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3–3–138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558–8585, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3–3–138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558–8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3–3–138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558–8585, Japan
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Crane SW, Lee JWL, Ashfold MNR, Rolles D. Molecular photodissociation dynamics revealed by Coulomb explosion imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37335247 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01740k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) methods are finding ever-growing use as a means of exploring and distinguishing the static stereo-configurations of small quantum systems (molecules, clusters, etc). CEI experiments initiated by ultrafast (femtosecond-duration) laser pulses also allow opportunities to track the time-evolution of molecular structures, and thereby advance understanding of molecular fragmentation processes. This Perspective illustrates two emerging families of dynamical studies. 'One-colour' studies (employing strong field ionisation driven by intense near infrared or single X-ray or extreme ultraviolet laser pulses) afford routes to preparing multiply charged molecular cations and exploring how their fragmentation progresses from valence-dominated to Coulomb-dominated dynamics with increasing charge and how this evolution varies with molecular size and composition. 'Two-colour' studies use one ultrashort laser pulse to create electronically excited neutral molecules (or monocations), whose structural evolution is then probed as a function of pump-probe delay using an ultrafast ionisation pulse along with time and position-sensitive detection methods. This latter type of experiment has the potential to return new insights into not just molecular fragmentation processes but also charge transfer processes between moieties separating with much better defined stereochemical control than in contemporary ion-atom and ion-molecule charge transfer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Crane
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Sutton SF, Rotteger CH, Miller DM, Quiroz LM, Sen A, Tarakeshwar P, Sayres SG. Production of Metastable CO 3+ through the Strong-Field Ionization and Coulomb Explosion of Formic Acid Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5099-5106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun F. Sutton
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chase H. Rotteger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Dane M. Miller
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lenin M. Quiroz
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ananya Sen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | | | - Scott G. Sayres
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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