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Wang K, Zhao J, Guo J, Chen S, Zhao Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang C, Liu Z. Magnetic properties of CrMnGe n (n = 3-20) clusters. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2318-2324. [PMID: 38872590 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Due to the potential applications in next-generation micro/nano electronic devices and functional materials, magnetic germanium (Ge)-based clusters are receiving increasing attention. In this work, we reported the structures, electronic and magnetic properties of CrMnGen with sizes n = 3-20. Transition metals (TMs) of Cr and Mn tend to stay together and be surrounded by Ge atoms. Small sized clusters with n ≤ 8 prefer to adopt bipyramid-based structures as the motifs with the excess Ge atoms absorbed on the surface. Starting from n = 9, the structure with one TM atom interior appears and persists until n = 16, and for larger sizes n = 17-20, the two TM atoms are full-encapsulated by Ge atoms to form endohedral structures. The Hirshfeld population analyses show that Cr atom always acts as the electron donor, while Mn atom is always the acceptor except for sizes 3 and 6. The average binding energies of these clusters increase with cluster size n, sharing a very similar trend as that of CrMnSin (n = 4-20) clusters, which indicates that it is favorable to form large-sized clusters. CrMnGen (n = 6, 13, 16, 19, and 20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr-Mn coupling, while the remaining clusters are ferrimagnetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Junji Guo
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Shanbao Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yapeng Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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Singh R, Claes P, Fielicke A, Janssens E, Lievens P, McGrady JE. Pathways of cluster growth: infra-red multi-photon dissociation spectroscopy of a series of Re-Si clusters, [ReSi n] +, n = 3-9. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22611-22619. [PMID: 39158492 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02208d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Infra-red multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy on Xe-tagged Re/Si clusters, [ReSin]+, n = 3-9, reveals intense absorption features around 400 cm-1, along with, in some cases, additional bands in the 250-350 cm-1 window. A survey of the potential energy surface using density functional theory in conjunction with particle swarm optimisation indicates a growth pattern based on a growing network of Si atoms wrapped around the Re centre: the Sin units can be viewed as fragments of a putative 16-vertex Frank-Kasper polyhedron. The structural evolution for the [ReSin]+ series differs significantly from the iso-electronic Mn series studied previously, where the metal ion is typically bound externally to the surface of a growing 3-dimensional Sin cluster, the differences reflecting the greater accessibility of 5d vs. 3d electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - PieterJan Claes
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu L, Chen J, Wang Y. Discovery of a series of silicon-based ferrimagnets in CrMnSi n (n = 4-20) clusters. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:446-453. [PMID: 37942818 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of silicon clusters with two different dopants, CrMnSin (n = 4-20) clusters were investigated at density functional theory (DFT) level. Small-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9) clusters tend to adopt bipyramid-based geometries, while clusters with sizes n = 10 and 11 prefer to opening cage-like structures. For sizes n = 12 to 14, the half-encapsulated structures gradually transform into closed-cage Cr@Sin structures, with the Mn atom exposed outside. Starting from size 15, both the Cr and Mn atoms are completely encapsulated by silicon atoms. Meanwhile, the Cr and Mn atoms in smaller-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-7) clusters tend to be separated, while they prefer to stay together for larger sizes. Cr atom always acts as electron donor, but not for Mn atom. From the average binding energies, one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. Smaller and larger sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9 and 19-20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr-Mn coupling, while sizes n = 10-18 always exhibit ferrimagnetic state. To our knowledge, the CrMnSin clusters is the first kind of neutral transition-metal doped semiconductor clusters that show ferrimagnetic state within a wide size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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Aikens CM, Jarrold CC. Virtual Issue on Experiment-Theory Synergies in the Study of Metal and Metal-Containing Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3-5. [PMID: 36632723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-Campus Dr. North, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Mn2 Dimers Encapsulated in Silicon Cages: A Complex Challenge to MC-SCF Theory. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217544. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MC-SCF wavefunctions for three endohedral Mn/Si clusters, Mn2Si10, Mn2Si12, and [Mn2Si13]+, show evidence for strong static correlation, both in the Mn-Si bonds (’in–out correlation’) and between the two Mn centers (’up–down correlation’). We use both Restricted and Generalized Active Spaces (RAS and GAS) to place constraints on the configurations included in the trial wavefunction, showing that, particularly in the high-symmetry cases, the GAS approach captures more of the static correlation. The important correlating pairs are similar across the series, indicating that the electronic structure of the endohedral Mn2 unit is, to a first approximation, independent of the size of the silicon cage in which it is embedded.
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Wang K, Yin GJ, Jia ZZ, Miao L, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study of TM 2Si n- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18321-18330. [PMID: 35880636 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural evolution and electronic properties of medium-sized silicon cluster anions doped with two transition metal atoms, TM2Sin- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20), by using mass-selective anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Putative ground state structures of these clusters were obtained by using a genetic algorithm coupled with the DFT calculations. It was found that the two TM atoms tend to form a TM-TM bond, which - except for V2Si19- - is shorter than the nearest neighbour distance in the crystalline state of the respective metals. The V2Sin- clusters with n = 14 to 17 exhibit structures based on a silicon hexagonal antiprism, while the larger ones exhibit more fullerene-like cage structures. Cr2Sin- clusters follow the same trend, although with a silicon hexagonal prism structure for n = 14 and 15, and the transition to fullerene-like structures occurring at n = 17. Among these clusters, TM2Si18- have the largest average binding energy and second order differences in energy, therefore the highest relative stability. All of the clusters possess total magnetic moment of 1 μB, but with very different contributions from the doped TM atoms. Especially in the Cr doped clusters there is a tendency towards an anitiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the two Cr atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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