1
|
Zhao XG, Yang Q, Xu Y, Liu QY, Li ZY, Liu XX, Zhao YX, He SG. Machine Learning for Experimental Reactivity of a Set of Metal Clusters toward C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12485-12495. [PMID: 38651836 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of C-H activation of alkanes is a very important research topic. The reactions of metal clusters with alkanes have been extensively studied to reveal the electronic features governing C-H activation, while the experimental cluster reactivity was qualitatively interpreted case by case in the literature. Herein, we prepared and mass-selected over 100 rhodium-based clusters (RhxVyOz- and RhxCoyOz-) to react with light alkanes, enabling the determination of reaction rate constants spanning six orders of magnitude. A satisfactory model being able to quantitatively describe the rate data in terms of multiple cluster electronic features (average electron occupancy of valence s orbitals, the minimum natural charge on the metal atom, cluster polarizability, and energy gap involved in the agostic interaction) has been constructed through a machine learning approach. This study demonstrates that the general mechanisms governing the very important process of C-H activation by diverse metal centers can be discovered by interpreting experimental data with artificial intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Centre of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen M, Spotte-Smith EWC, Blau SM, McDermott MJ, Krishnapriyan AS, Persson KA. Chemical reaction networks and opportunities for machine learning. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:12-24. [PMID: 38177958 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs), defined by sets of species and possible reactions between them, are widely used to interrogate chemical systems. To capture increasingly complex phenomena, CRNs can be leveraged alongside data-driven methods and machine learning (ML). In this Perspective, we assess the diverse strategies available for CRN construction and analysis in pursuit of a wide range of scientific goals, discuss ML techniques currently being applied to CRNs and outline future CRN-ML approaches, presenting scientific and technical challenges to overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Wen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J McDermott
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aditi S Krishnapriyan
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|