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Santos JC, Enrique-Romero J, Lamberts T, Linnartz H, Chuang KJ. Formation of S-Bearing Complex Organic Molecules in Interstellar Clouds via Ice Reactions with C 2H 2, HS, and Atomic H. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:1646-1660. [PMID: 39166258 PMCID: PMC11331529 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The chemical network governing interstellar sulfur has been the topic of unrelenting discussion for the past few decades due to the conspicuous discrepancy between its expected and observed abundances in different interstellar environments. More recently, the astronomical detections of CH3CH2SH and CH2CS highlighted the importance of interstellar formation routes for sulfur-bearing organic molecules with two carbon atoms. In this work, we perform a laboratory investigation of the solid-state chemistry resulting from the interaction between C2H2 molecules and SH radicals-both thought to be present in interstellar icy mantles-at 10 K. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with temperature-programmed desorption experiments are employed as analytical techniques. We confirm that SH radicals can kick-start a sulfur reaction network under interstellar cloud conditions and identify at least six sulfurated products: CH3CH2SH, CH2CHSH, HSCH2CH2SH, H2S2, and tentatively CH3CHS and CH2CS. Complementarily, we utilize computational calculations to pinpoint the reaction routes that play a role in the chemical network behind our experimental results. The main sulfur-bearing organic molecule formed under our experimental conditions is CH3CH2SH, and its formation yield increases with the ratios of H to other reactants. It serves as a sink to the sulfur budget within the network, being formed at the expense of the other unsaturated products. The astrophysical implications of the chemical network proposed here are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Santos
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Enrique-Romero
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thanja Lamberts
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden
Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Linnartz
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko-Ju Chuang
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhao Y, Chen J, Luo Z, Li Z, Yang S, Chang Y, An F, Chen Z, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Hu X, Xie D, Ding H, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation of H 2S: A New Pathway for the Production of Vibrationally Excited Molecular Hydrogen in the Interstellar Medium. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9786-9792. [PMID: 36226888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most abundant S-bearing molecule in the solar nebula. Although its photochemistry has been studied for decades, the H2 fragment channel is still not well-understood. Herein, we describe the photodissociation dynamics of H2S + hv → S(1S) + H2(X1Σg+) with the excitation wavelength of 122 nm ≤ λ ≤ 136 nm. The results reveal that the H2(X) fragments formed are significantly vibrationally excited, with the quantum yields of ∼87% of H2(X) fragments populated in vibrational levels v″ = 3, 4, 5, and 6. Theoretical analysis suggest that these H2 products are formed on the H2S 41A' state surface following a nonadiabatic transition via an avoided crossing from the 31A' to 41A' state. The estimated quantum yield of the S(1S) + H2 channel is ∼0.05, implying this channel should be incorporated into the appropriate interstellar chemistry models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Zhao
- School of Physics, Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Chinese Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Shuaikang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Feng An
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Hongbin Ding
- School of Physics, Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Chinese Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei230088, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518005, China
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3
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Fortenberry RC, McMahon RJ, Kaiser RI. 10 Years of the ACS PHYS Astrochemistry Subdivision. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6571-6574. [PMID: 36172712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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