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Rodriguez DJ, Lau CY, Friese AM, Anderson SL. High temperature transformation, O 2 etching, and passivation of single SiO x nanoparticles: kinetics and optical properties as structure probes. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2184652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Y. Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail M. Friese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Ricci F, Cuairan MT, Schell AW, Hebestreit E, Rica RA, Meyer N, Quidant R. A Chemical Nanoreactor Based on a Levitated Nanoparticle in Vacuum. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8677-8683. [PMID: 35580358 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A single levitated nanoparticle is used as a nanoreactor for studying surface chemistry at the nanoscale. Optical levitation under controlled pressure, surrounding gas composition, and humidity provides extreme control over the nanoparticle, including dynamics, charge, and surface chemistry. Using a single nanoparticle avoids ensemble averages and allows studying how the presence of silanol groups at its surface affects the adsorption and desorption of water from the background gas with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of this versatile platform by studying the Zhuravlev model in silica particles. In contrast to standard methods, our system allowed the observation of an abrupt and irreversible change in scattering cross section, mass, and mechanical eigenfrequency during the dehydroxylation process, indicating changes in density, refractive index, and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricci
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marc T Cuairan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Schell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Raúl A Rica
- Nanoparticles Trapping Laboratory and Research Unit Modeling Nature (MNat), Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nadine Meyer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Harper CC, Brauer DD, Francis MB, Williams ER. Direct observation of ion emission from charged aqueous nanodrops: effects on gaseous macromolecular charging. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5185-5195. [PMID: 34168773 PMCID: PMC8179642 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic information about how gaseous ions are formed from charged droplets has been difficult to establish because direct observation of nanodrops in a size range relevant to gaseous macromolecular ion formation by optical or traditional mass spectrometry methods is challenging owing to their small size and heterogeneity. Here, the mass and charge of individual aqueous nanodrops between 1-10 MDa (15-32 nm diameter) with ∼50-300 charges are dynamically monitored for 1 s using charge detection mass spectrometry. Discrete losses of minimally solvated singly charged ions occur, marking the first direct observation of ion emission from aqueous nanodrops in late stages of droplet evaporation relevant to macromolecular ion formation in native mass spectrometry. Nanodrop charge depends on the identity of constituent ions, with pure water nanodrops charged slightly above the Rayleigh limit and aqueous solutions containing alkali metal ions charged progressively below the Rayleigh limit with increasing cation size. MS2 capsid ions (∼3.5 MDa; ∼27 nm diameter) are more highly charged from aqueous ammonium acetate than from its biochemically preferred, 100 mM NaCl/10 mM Na phosphate solution, consistent with ion emission reducing the nanodrop and resulting capsid charge. The extent of charging indicates that the capsid partially collapses inside the nanodrops prior to the charging and formation of the dehydrated gaseous ions. These results demonstrate that ion emission can affect macromolecular charging and that conformational changes to macromolecular structure can occur in nanodrops prior to the formation of naked gaseous ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner C Harper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Daniel D Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
| | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720-1460 USA
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Long BA, Lau CY, Rodriguez DJ, Tang SA, Anderson SL. Sublimation Kinetics for Individual Graphite and Graphene Nanoparticles (NPs): NP-to-NP Variations and Evolving Structure-Kinetics and Structure-Emissivity Relationships. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14090-14101. [PMID: 32698584 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A single nanoparticle (NP) mass spectrometry method was used to measure sublimation rates as a function of nanoparticle temperature (TNP) for sets of individual graphite and graphene NPs. Initially, the NP sublimation rates were ∼400 times faster than those for bulk graphite, and there were large NP-to-NP variations. Over time, the rates slowed substantially, though they remained well above the bulk rate. The initial activation energies (Ea values) were correspondingly low and doubled, as a few monolayers worth of material was sublimed from the surfaces. The high initial rates and low Ea values are attributed to large numbers of edge, defect, and other low coordination sites on the NP surfaces, and the changes are attributed to atomic-scale "smoothing" of the surface by preferential sublimation of the less stable sites. The emissivity of the NPs also changed after heating, more frequently increasing. The emissivity and sublimation rates were anticorrelated, leading to the conclusion that high densities of low-coordination sites on the NP surfaces enhance sublimation but suppress emissivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Chris Y Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Daniel J Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Susanna An Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Scott L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Long BA, Rodriguez DJ, Lau CY, Anderson SL. Thermal emission spectroscopy for single nanoparticle temperature measurement: optical system design and calibration. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:642-649. [PMID: 30694247 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the design of an optical system that allows measurement of 600-1650 nm emission spectra for individual nanoparticles (NPs), laser-heated in an electrodynamic trap in controlled atmospheres. An approach to calibration of absolute intensity versus wavelength for very low emission intensities is discussed, and examples of NP graphite and carbon black spectra are used to illustrate the methodology.
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Keifer DZ, Jarrold MF. Single-molecule mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:715-733. [PMID: 26873676 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In single-molecule mass spectrometry, the mass of each ion is measured individually; making it suitable for the analysis of very large, heterogeneous objects that cannot be analyzed by conventional means. A range of single-molecule mass spectrometry techniques has been developed, including time-of-flight with cryogenic detectors, a quadrupole ion trap with optical detection, single-molecule Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, charge detection mass spectrometry, quadrupole ion traps coupled to charge detector plates, and nanomechanical oscillators. In addition to providing information on mass and heterogeneity, these techniques have been used to study impact craters from cosmic dust, monitor the assembly of viruses, elucidate the fluorescence dynamics of quantum dots, and much more. This review focuses on the merits of each of these technologies, their limitations, and their applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:715-733, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Keifer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401
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