1
|
Bu S, Zhang J, Wang K. Metal-Determined Explosive Characteristics of M(NO 3) 2(1-AT) x of Thermal and Laser Ignition (M 2+ = Cr 2+, Mn 2+, Fe 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Cu 2+, and Zn 2+; x = 2 or 3). Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3212-3220. [PMID: 38321870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Optical and thermal ignition are two common pathways to initiate the explosion of primary explosives, where laser ignition is a more reliable and safer initiation method. Caused by the current-applied laser igniter with the wavelength of 1064 or 915 nm, the energetic complexes with strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region are possibly applied as laser-ignited explosives. Recently, [Cu(NO3)2(1-AT)3] complex has been synthesized with excellent NIR absorption properties, where 1-amino-5H-tetrazole (1-AT) has been proved to be a promising laser-ignited energetic ligand. To confirm the structure-thermal/optical explosive characteristics, based on the structure of synthesized [Cu(NO3)2(1-AT)3], the commonly used transition-metal cations (M2+ = Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) have been selected to construct the series of complexes of M(NO3)2(1-AT)x (x = 2 or 3) theoretically. Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) method has been applied to unveil the role of center metals in the initiation and growth pathways. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method is used to explore their charge-transfer (CT) characteristics. The optical characteristic of the metal complex is mainly determined by the behaviors of the 3d electrons of center metals in excitation, where the activity of β-d electrons is an important factor to affect the NIR characteristic of complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Bu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mandal A, Taylor MA, Weight BM, Koessler ER, Li X, Huo P. Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9786-9879. [PMID: 37552606 PMCID: PMC10450711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
When molecules are coupled to an optical cavity, new light-matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons, are formed due to quantum light-matter interactions. With the experimental demonstrations of modifying chemical reactivities by forming polaritons under strong light-matter interactions, theorists have been encouraged to develop new methods to simulate these systems and discover new strategies to tune and control reactions. This review summarizes some of these exciting theoretical advances in polariton chemistry, in methods ranging from the fundamental framework to computational techniques and applications spanning from photochemistry to vibrational strong coupling. Even though the theory of quantum light-matter interactions goes back to the midtwentieth century, the gaps in the knowledge of molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) have only recently been filled. We review recent advances made in resolving gauge ambiguities, the correct form of different QED Hamiltonians under different gauges, and their connections to various quantum optics models. Then, we review recently developed ab initio QED approaches which can accurately describe polariton states in a realistic molecule-cavity hybrid system. We then discuss applications using these method advancements. We review advancements in polariton photochemistry where the cavity is made resonant to electronic transitions to control molecular nonadiabatic excited state dynamics and enable new photochemical reactivities. When the cavity resonance is tuned to the molecular vibrations instead, ground-state chemical reaction modifications have been demonstrated experimentally, though its mechanistic principle remains unclear. We present some recent theoretical progress in resolving this mystery. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the collective coupling regime between light and matter, where many molecules can collectively couple to a single cavity mode or many cavity modes. We also lay out the current challenges in theory to explain the observed experimental results. We hope that this review will serve as a useful document for anyone who wants to become familiar with the context of polariton chemistry and molecular cavity QED and thus significantly benefit the entire community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael A.D. Taylor
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Braden M. Weight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United
States
| | - Eric R. Koessler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freixas VM, Malone W, Li X, Song H, Negrin-Yuvero H, Pérez-Castillo R, White A, Gibson TR, Makhov DV, Shalashilin DV, Zhang Y, Fedik N, Kulichenko M, Messerly R, Mohanam LN, Sharifzadeh S, Bastida A, Mukamel S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S. NEXMD v2.0 Software Package for Nonadiabatic Excited State Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5356-5368. [PMID: 37506288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We present NEXMD version 2.0, the second release of the NEXMD (Nonadiabatic EXcited-state Molecular Dynamics) software package. Across a variety of new features, NEXMD v2.0 incorporates new implementations of two hybrid quantum-classical dynamics methods, namely, Ehrenfest dynamics (EHR) and the Ab-Initio Multiple Cloning sampling technique for Multiconfigurational Ehrenfest quantum dynamics (MCE-AIMC or simply AIMC), which are alternative options to the previously implemented trajectory surface hopping (TSH) method. To illustrate these methodologies, we outline a direct comparison of these three hybrid quantum-classical dynamics methods as implemented in the same NEXMD framework, discussing their weaknesses and strengths, using the modeled photodynamics of a polyphenylene ethylene dendrimer building block as a representative example. We also describe the expanded normal-mode analysis and constraints for both the ground and excited states, newly implemented in the NEXMD v2.0 framework, which allow for a deeper analysis of the main vibrational motions involved in vibronic dynamics. Overall, NEXMD v2.0 expands the range of applications of NEXMD to a larger variety of multichromophore organic molecules and photophysical processes involving quantum coherences and persistent couplings between electronic excited states and nuclear velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Freixas
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Huajing Song
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Hassiel Negrin-Yuvero
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Royle Pérez-Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Alexander White
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tammie R Gibson
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dmitry V Makhov
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nikita Fedik
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Maksim Kulichenko
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Richard Messerly
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Luke Nambi Mohanam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adolfo Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weight BM, Sifain AE, Gifford BJ, Htoon H, Tretiak S. On-the-Fly Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Covalent Defects. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6208-6219. [PMID: 36972076 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with covalent surface defects have been explored recently due to their promise for use in single-photon telecommunication emission and in spintronic applications. The all-atom dynamic evolution of electrostatically bound excitons (the primary electronic excitations) in these systems has only been loosely explored from a theoretical perspective due to the size limitations of these large systems (>500 atoms). In this work, we present computational modeling of nonradiative relaxation in a variety of SWCNT chiralities with single-defect functionalizations. Our excited-state dynamics modeling uses a trajectory surface hopping algorithm accounting for excitonic effects with a configuration interaction approach. We find a strong chirality and defect-composition dependence on the population relaxation (varying over 50-500 fs) between the primary nanotube band gap excitation E11 and the defect-associated, single-photon-emitting E11* state. These simulations give direct insight into the relaxation between the band-edge states and the localized excitonic state, in competition with dynamic trapping/detrapping processes observed in experiment. Engineering fast population decay into the quasi-two-level subsystem with weak coupling to higher-energy states increases the effectiveness and controllability of these quantum light emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braden M Weight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 United States
| | - Brendan J Gifford
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Center for Nonlinear Studies, and Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng W, Liu QJ, Liu FS, Liu ZT. Triggering the mechanism of the initial reaction of energetic materials under pressure based on Raman intensity analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5685-5693. [PMID: 36734476 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06012d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Raman intensity and other stoichiometric calculations of nitromethane (NM) and 2-nitrimino-5-nitro-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (NNHT) have been made by using first-principles density functional theory. We propose a method to judge the initial reaction mechanism of NM and NNHT under pressure based on the Raman intensity. Both the resulting NM and NNHT undergo hydrogen transfer and conventional trigger bond cleavage. And the results obtained from the Raman peak intensities infer a reaction path that is not inferior to the traditional C-NO2 and N-NO2 bond cleavage, thus verifying our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dalagnol LV, Bettega MHF, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Souza Barbosa A, Limão-Vieira P. Electronic State Spectroscopy of Nitromethane and Nitroethane. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1445-1457. [PMID: 36730450 PMCID: PMC9940216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution photoabsorption cross-sections in the 3.7-10.8 eV energy range are reinvestigated for nitromethane (CH3NO2), while for nitroethane (C2H5NO2), they are reported for the first time. New absorption features are observed for both molecules which have been assigned to vibronic excitations of valence, Rydberg, and mixed valence-Rydberg characters. In comparison with nitromethane, nitroethane shows mainly broad absorption bands with diffuse structures, which can be interpreted as a result of the side-chain effect contributing to an increased number of internal degrees of freedom. New theoretical quantum chemical calculations performed at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level were used to qualitatively help interpret the recorded photoabsorption spectra. From the photoabsorption cross-sections, photolysis lifetimes in the terrestrial atmosphere have been obtained for both compounds. Relevant internal conversion from Rydberg to valence character is noted for both molecules, while the nuclear dynamics of CH3NO2 and C2H5NO2 along the C-N reaction coordinate have been evaluated through potential energy curves at the TD-DFT level of theory, showing that the pre-dissociative character is more prevalent in nitromethane than in nitroethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz V.
S. Dalagnol
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-980Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Márcio H. F. Bettega
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-980Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nykola C. Jones
- ISA,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus
University, Ny Munkegade
120, DK-8000Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Søren V. Hoffmann
- ISA,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus
University, Ny Munkegade
120, DK-8000Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Souza Barbosa
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-980Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil,
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-980Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil,Atomic
and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics,
NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516Caparica, Portugal,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Waters MDJ, Casanova JT, Wörner HJ. Ultrafast dissociation of nitromethane from the 3p Rydberg state. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2164749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max D. J. Waters
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nelson T, Huestis PL, Manner VW. Modeling Photolytic Decomposition of Energetically Functionalized Dodecanes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7094-7101. [PMID: 36196028 PMCID: PMC9574918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The photolytic stability of explosives and energetic
functional
groups is of importance for those who regularly handle or are exposed
to explosives in typical environmental conditions. This study models
the photolytic degradation of dodecane substituted with various energetic
functional groups: azide, nitro, nitrate ester, and nitramine. For
the studied molecules, it was found that excitons localize on the
energetic functional group, no matter where they were initially formed,
and thus, the predominant degradation pathway involves the degradation
of the energetic functional group. The relative trends for both 4
and 8 eV excitation energies followed with what is expected from the
relative stability of the energetic functional groups to thermal and
sub-shock degradation. The one notable exception was the azide functional
group; more work should be done to further understand the photolytic
effects on the azide functional group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Patricia L Huestis
- High Explosives Science & Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Virginia W Manner
- High Explosives Science & Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Word MD, López Peña HA, Ampadu Boateng D, McPherson SL, Gutsev GL, Gutsev LG, Lao KU, Tibbetts KM. Ultrafast Dynamics of Nitro-Nitrite Rearrangement and Dissociation in Nitromethane Cation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:879-888. [PMID: 35133840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report new insights into the ultrafast rearrangement and dissociation dynamics of nitromethane cation (NM+) using pump-probe measurements, electronic structure calculations, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The "roaming" nitro-nitrite rearrangement (NNR) pathway involving large-amplitude atomic motion, which has been previously described for neutral nitromethane, is demonstrated for NM+. Excess energy resulting from initial population of the electronically excited D2 state of NM+ upon strong-field ionization provides the necessary energy to initiate NNR and subsequent dissociation into NO+. Both pump-probe measurements and molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with the completion of NNR within 500 fs of ionization with dissociation into NO+ and OCH3 occurring ∼30 fs later. Pump-probe measurements indicate that NO+ formation is in competition with the direct dissociation of NM+ to CH3+ and NO2. Electronic structure calculations indicate that a strong D0 → D1 transition can be excited at 650 nm when the C-N bond is stretched from its equilibrium value (1.48 Å) to 1.88 Å. On the other hand, relaxation of the NM+ cation after ionization into D0 occurs in less than 50 fs and results in observation of intact NM+. Direct dissociation of the equilibrium NM+ to produce NO2+ and CH3 can be induced with 650 nm excitation via a weakly allowed D0 → D2 transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi'Kayla D Word
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hugo A López Peña
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Derrick Ampadu Boateng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Shane L McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Gennady L Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Lavrenty G Gutsev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang J, Zhang GD, Zhang JG, Chen D, Zhang Q. New perspectives on the laser initiation for metal tetrazine complexes: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:305-312. [PMID: 34889322 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the relationship between laser initiation and charge transfer of metal tetrazine complexes (MTCs), several sets of MTCs with different metals and ligands were designed and their charge transfer (CT) characters were examined using a time-dependent density functional theory method (TD-DFT) in combination with UV-vis spectra, hole-electron distribution, interfragment charge transition, and transition density matrix analyses. Results show that Fe(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) are suitable divalent transition metal cores in constructing the optical initiation tetrazine complexes. By replacing the divalent metal cores with a monovalent center, new sets of complexes are proved to possess metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character and stronger absorption intensity in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which implies that monovalent MTCs are more in favor of low-energy laser initiation than divalent MTCs. Reasonable tuning of the structure of pyrazole substituent can expect to enhance the explosive performance while preserving the optical characteristics, which is an important design principle. This work thoroughly depicts the photoactive states for MTCs and gives a train of thought to explore new desirable laser initiation explosives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Gu-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shenje L, Qu Y, Popik V, Ullrich S. Femtosecond photodecarbonylation of photo-ODIBO studied by stimulated Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25637-25648. [PMID: 34783336 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-oxa-dibenzocyclooctyne (Photo-ODIBO) undergoes photodecarbonylation under UV excitation to its bright S2 state, forming a highly reactive cyclooctyne, ODIBO. Following 321 nm excitation with sub-50 fs actinic pulses, the excited state evolution and cyclopropenone bond cleavage with CO release were characterized using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory Raman calculations. Analysis of the photo-ODIBO S2 CO Raman band revealed multi-exponential intensity, peak splitting and frequency-shift dynamics. This suggests a stepwise cleavage of the two C-C bonds in the cyclopropenone structure that is completed within <300 fs after excitation. Evidence of intramolecular vibrational relaxation on the S2 state, concurrent with photodecarbonylation, with dynamics matching previous electronic transient absorption spectroscopy, was also observed. This confirms an excited state, as opposed to ground state, photodecarbonylation mechanism resulting in a vibronically excited photoproduct, ODIBO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Learnmore Shenje
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Yingqi Qu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gutsev GL, McPherson SL, López Peña HA, Boateng DA, Gutsev LG, Ramachandran BR, Tibbetts KM. Dissociation of Singly and Multiply Charged Nitromethane Cations: Femtosecond Laser Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Modeling. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7427-7438. [PMID: 32841027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation pathways of singly- and multiply charged gas-phase nitromethane cations were investigated with strong-field laser photoionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory computations. There are multiple isomers of the singly charged nitromethane radical cation, several of which can be accessed by rearrangement of the parent CH3-NO2 structure with low energy barriers. While direct cleavage of the C-N bond from the parent nitromethane cation produces NO2+ and CH3+, rearrangement prior to dissociation accounts for fragmentation products including NO+, CH2OH+, and CH2NO+. Extensive Coulomb explosion in fragment ions observed at high laser intensity indicates that rapid dissociation of multiply charged nitromethane cations produces additional species such as CH2+, H+, and NO22+. On the basis of analysis of Coulomb explosion in the mass spectral signals and pathway calculations, sufficiently intense laser fields can remove four or more electrons from nitromethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Shane L McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hugo A López Peña
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Derrick Ampadu Boateng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Lavrenty G Gutsev
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States.,Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432, Russia
| | - B Ramu Ramachandran
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malone W, Nebgen B, White A, Zhang Y, Song H, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Nelson TR, Tretiak S. NEXMD Software Package for Nonadiabatic Excited State Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5771-5783. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Malone
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Alexander White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Josiah A. Bjorgaard
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew E. Sifain
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, United States
| | | | - Victor M. Freixas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tammie R. Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Li L, Tretiak S, Nelson T. Nonadiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics for Open-Shell Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2053-2064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Linqiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nelson TR, White AJ, Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Zhang Y, Nebgen B, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mozyrsky D, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics: Theory and Applications for Modeling Photophysics in Extended Molecular Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2215-2287. [PMID: 32040312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optically active molecular materials, such as organic conjugated polymers and biological systems, are characterized by strong coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. Typically, simulations must go beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to account for non-adiabatic coupling between excited states. Indeed, non-adiabatic dynamics is commonly associated with exciton dynamics and photophysics involving charge and energy transfer, as well as exciton dissociation and charge recombination. Understanding the photoinduced dynamics in such materials is vital to providing an accurate description of exciton formation, evolution, and decay. This interdisciplinary field has matured significantly over the past decades. Formulation of new theoretical frameworks, development of more efficient and accurate computational algorithms, and evolution of high-performance computer hardware has extended these simulations to very large molecular systems with hundreds of atoms, including numerous studies of organic semiconductors and biomolecules. In this Review, we will describe recent theoretical advances including treatment of electronic decoherence in surface-hopping methods, the role of solvent effects, trivial unavoided crossings, analysis of data based on transition densities, and efficient computational implementations of these numerical methods. We also emphasize newly developed semiclassical approaches, based on the Gaussian approximation, which retain phase and width information to account for significant decoherence and interference effects while maintaining the high efficiency of surface-hopping approaches. The above developments have been employed to successfully describe photophysics in a variety of molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie R Nelson
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alexander J White
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States.,U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Dmitry Mozyrsky
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang M, Wu Y, Tang C, Liu Y, Huang Z. Auto-ignition behaviors of nitromethane in diluted oxygen in a rapid compression machine: Critical conditions for ignition, ignition delay times measurements, and kinetic modeling interpretation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:52-61. [PMID: 31151040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the weakest thermodynamic conditions for the auto-ignition of mixtures containing nitromethane were experimentally determined by using the rapid compression machine facility. Results show there is a narrow weak ignition region between ignition and non-ignition. The weak ignition region would disappear with the increase of the EOC (end of compression) pressure and nitromethane concentration. In addition, the ignition delay times for successful auto-ignition for different nitromethane concentrations and equivalence ratio mixtures were measured and compared. Results show that the dependence of nitromethane ignition on the equivalence ratio is weak. Subsequently, the measured ignition delay time data were employed to validate several kinetic models in literature and our previous model shows better agreement with experimental results, as well as other available literature data. Sensitivity analysis for the model reveals the importance of unimolecular decomposition and H-abstraction reactions for the ignition delay times in the temperature range studied herein. Finally, critical conditions for nitromethane ignition under extended conditions that are beyond the ability of the experimental facility were predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yingtao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chenglong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zuohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ciavardini A, Coreno M, Callegari C, Spezzani C, De Ninno G, Ressel B, Grazioli C, de Simone M, Kivimäki A, Miotti P, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Puglia C, Fornarini S, Pezzella M, Bodo E, Piccirillo S. Ultra-Fast-VUV Photoemission Study of UV Excited 2-Nitrophenol. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1295-1302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ciavardini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Ple A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, in Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, ss. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, ss. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, ss. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, ss. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, SI-5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Ressel
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, ss. 14, Km. 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, SI-5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- Laboratorio TASV, IOM-CNR, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- Laboratorio TASV, IOM-CNR, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antti Kivimäki
- Laboratorio TASV, IOM-CNR, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Miotti
- Padova Research Unit, IFN-CNR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- Padova Research Unit, IFN-CNR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- Padova Research Unit, IFN-CNR, Via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Ple A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Ple A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Ple A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Piccirillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han Y, Anderson K, Hobbie EK, Boudjouk P, Kilin DS. Unraveling Photodimerization of Cyclohexasilane from Molecular Dynamics Studies. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4349-4354. [PMID: 30004709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced reactions of a pair of cyclohexasilane (CHS) monomers are explored by time-dependent excited-state molecular dynamics (TDESMD) calculations. In TDESMD trajectories, one observes vivid reaction events including dimerization and fragmentation. A general reaction pathway is identified as (i) ring-opening formation of a dimer, (ii) rearrangement induced by bond breaking, and (iii) decomposition through the elimination of small fragments. The identified pathway supports the chemistry proposed for the fabrication of silicon-based materials using CHS as a precursor. In addition, we find dimers have smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps and exhibit a red shift and line-width broadening in the computed photoluminescence spectra compared with a pair of CHS monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Kenneth Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Erik K Hobbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Philip Boudjouk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , North Dakota State University , Fargo , North Dakota 58102 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lystrom L, Zhang Y, Tretiak S, Nelson T. Site-Specific Photodecomposition in Conjugated Energetic Materials. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6055-6061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Lystrom
- Theoretical Division, Physics and Chemistry of Materials (T-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Theoretical Division, Physics and Chemistry of Materials (T-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Physics and Chemistry of Materials (T-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Theoretical Division, Physics and Chemistry of Materials (T-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghosh J, Gajapathy H, Konar A, Narasimhaiah GM, Bhattacharya A. Sub-500 fs electronically nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the S 1 excited state: Ab initio multiple spawning study. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:204302. [PMID: 29195277 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic materials store a large amount of chemical energy. Different ignition processes, including laser ignition and shock or compression wave, initiate the energy release process by first promoting energetic molecules to the electronically excited states. This is why a full understanding of initial steps of the chemical dynamics of energetic molecules from the excited electronic states is highly desirable. In general, conical intersection (CI), which is the crossing point of multidimensional electronic potential energy surfaces, is well established as a controlling factor in the initial steps of chemical dynamics of energetic molecules following their electronic excitations. In this article, we have presented different aspects of the ultrafast unimolecular relaxation dynamics of energetic molecules through CIs. For this task, we have employed ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) simulation using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) electronic wavefunction and frozen Gaussian-based nuclear wavefunction. The AIMS simulation results collectively reveal that the ultrafast relaxation step of the best energetic molecules (which are known to exhibit very good detonation properties) is completed in less than 500 fs. Many, however, exhibit sub-50 fs dynamics. For example, nitro-containing molecules (including C-NO2, N-NO2, and O-NO2 active moieties) relax back to the ground state in approximately 40 fs through similar (S1/S0)CI conical intersections. The N3-based energetic molecule undergoes the N2 elimination process in 40 fs through the (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. Nitramine-Fe complexes exhibit sub-50 fs Fe-O and N-O bond dissociation through the respective (S1/S0)CI conical intersection. On the other hand, tetrazine-N-oxides, which are known to exhibit better detonation properties than tetrazines, undergo internal conversion in a 400-fs time scale, while the relaxation time of tetrazine is very long (about 100 ns). Many other characteristics of sub-500 fs nonadiabatic decay of energetic molecules are discussed. In the end, many unresolved issues associated with the ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical dynamics of energetic molecules are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harshad Gajapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Arindam Konar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Gowrav M Narasimhaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sifain AE, Bjorgaard JA, Nelson TR, Nebgen BT, White AJ, Gifford BJ, Gao DW, Prezhdo OV, Fernandez-Alberti S, Roitberg AE, Tretiak S. Photoexcited Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Solvated Push–Pull π-Conjugated Oligomers with the NEXMD Software. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3955-3966. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan J. Gifford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - David W. Gao
- Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | | | | | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ampadu Boateng D, Gutsev GL, Jena P, Tibbetts KM. Dissociation dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations: Coherently driven C–NO2bond homolysis. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ampadu Boateng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Adachi S, Kohguchi H, Suzuki T. Unravelling the Electronic State of NO 2 Product in Ultrafast Photodissociation of Nitromethane. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:270-273. [PMID: 29257692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary photochemical reaction of nitromethane (NM) after ππ* excitation is known to be C-N bond cleavage (CH3NO2 + hν → CH3 + NO2). On the other hand, NO2 can be formed in both the ground and excited states, and identification of the electronic state of the NO2 product has been a central subject in the experimental and theoretical studies. Here we present time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using vacuum-ultraviolet probe pulses to observe all transient electronic states of NM and the reaction products. The result indicates that ultrafast internal conversion occurs down to S1 and S0 within 24 fs, and the dissociation proceeds on the S1 surface (τdiss ≲ 50 fs), leading to comparable product yields of NO2(A) and NO2(X). The overall dissociation quantum yield within our observation time window (<2 ps) is estimated to be 0.29.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Toshinori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han Y, Meng Q, Rasulev B, May PS, Berry MT, Kilin DS. Photoinduced Charge Transfer versus Fragmentation Pathways in Lanthanum Cyclopentadienyl Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Shenyang
Institute of Automation, Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Center
for Computationally Assisted Science and Technology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - P. Stanley May
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Mary T. Berry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Dmitri S. Kilin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Han Y, Rasulev B, Kilin DS. Photofragmentation of Tetranitromethane: Spin-Unrestricted Time-Dependent Excited-State Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3185-3192. [PMID: 28618779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photofragmentation dynamics of tetranitromethane (TNM) is explored by a spin-unrestricted time-dependent excited-state molecular dynamics (u-TDESMD) algorithm based on Rabi oscillations and principles similar to trajectory surface hopping, with a midintensity field approximation. The leading order process is represented by the molecule undergoing cyclic excitations and de-excitations. During excitation cycles, the nuclear kinetic energy is accumulated to overcome the dissociation barriers in the reactant and a sequence of intermediates. The dissociation pathway includes the ejection of NO2 groups followed by the formation of NO and CO. The simulated mass spectra at the ab initio level, based on the bond length in possible fragments, are extracted from simulation trajectories. The recently developed methodology has the potential to model and monitor photoreactions with open-shell intermediates and radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sifain AE, Tadesse LF, Bjorgaard JA, Chavez DE, Prezhdo OV, Scharff RJ, Tretiak S. Cooperative enhancement of the nonlinear optical response in conjugated energetic materials: A TD-DFT study. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:114308. [PMID: 28330340 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated energetic molecules (CEMs) are a class of explosives with high nitrogen content that posses both enhanced safety and energetic performance properties and are ideal for direct optical initiation. As isolated molecules, they absorb within the range of conventional lasers. Crystalline CEMs are used in practice, however, and their properties can differ due to intermolecular interaction. Herein, time-dependent density functional theory was used to investigate one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) of monomers and dimers obtained from experimentally determined crystal structures of CEMs. OPA scales linearly with the number of chromophore units, while TPA scales nonlinearly, where a more than 3-fold enhancement in peak intensity, per chromophore unit, is calculated. Cooperative enhancement depends on electronic delocalization spanning both chromophore units. An increase in sensitivity to nonlinear laser initiation makes these materials suitable for practical use. This is the first study predicting a cooperative enhancement of the nonlinear optical response in energetic materials composed of relatively small molecules. The proposed model quantum chemistry is validated by comparison to crystal structure geometries and the optical absorption of these materials dissolved in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Sifain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0485, USA
| | - Loza F Tadesse
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4125, USA
| | - Josiah A Bjorgaard
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - David E Chavez
- Explosives Science and Shock Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0485, USA
| | - R Jason Scharff
- Explosives Science and Shock Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Disrud B, Han Y, Kilin DS. Molecular dynamics of laser-assisted decomposition of unstable molecules at the surface of carbon nanotubes: case study of CH2(NO2)2 on CNT(4,0). Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1290838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Disrud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bjorgaard JA, Sifain AE, Nelson T, Myers TW, Veauthier JM, Chavez DE, Scharff RJ, Tretiak S. Two-Photon Absorption in Conjugated Energetic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4455-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew E. Sifain
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0484, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|