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Jiang H, Bao F, Wang J, Chen J, Zhu Y, Huang D, Chen C, Zhao J. Direct Formation of Electronic Excited NO 2 Contributes to the High Yield of HONO during Photosensitized Renoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11144-11151. [PMID: 37462617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitized renoxification of HNO3 is found to produce HONO in an unexpectedly high yield, which has been considered an important source for atmospheric HONO. Conventionally, the production of HONO is ascribed to the secondary photolysis of the primarily formed NO2. In this study, by using humic acid (HA) as a model environmental photosensitizer, we provide evidence of the direct formation of NO2 in its electronic excited state (NO2*) as a key intermediate during the photosensitizing renoxification of HNO3. Moreover, the high HONO yield originates from the heterogeneous reaction of the primarily formed NO2* with the co-adsorbed water molecules on HA. Such a mechanism is supported by the increase of the product selectivity of HONO with relative humidity. Further luminescence measurements demonstrate clearly the occurrence of an electronic excited state (NO2*) from photolysis of adsorbed HNO3 on HA. This work deepens our understanding of the formation of atmospheric HONO and gives insight into the transformation of RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Now at: Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Lehmann KK. Resonance enhanced two-photon cavity ring-down spectroscopy of vibrational overtone bands: A proposal. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5122988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K. Lehmann
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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Ye C, Zhang N, Gao H, Zhou X. Matrix effect on surface-catalyzed photolysis of nitric acid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4351. [PMID: 30867442 PMCID: PMC6416357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolysis rate constant of HNO3 on the surface (HNO3(s)) has been found to be enhanced by 1–4 orders of magnitude from that of gaseous HNO3, with HONO and NO2 as the main products. Such Re-NOx-ification pathway extends the apparent lifetime of reactive nitrogen species and modifies the atmospheric oxidative capacity along its long-rang transport. Despite of its importance, the detailed kinetics and mechanisms of HNO3(s) photolysis are still not clear. Surface film of HNO3 and organic compounds is ubiquitous in the environment and imposes matrix effect on HNO3(s) photolysis. Here we studied photolysis of HNO3 on Pyrex glass in a photochemical flow reactor over a wide range of HNO3 surface density (DHNO3) with or without the presence of model organic compounds. The photolysis rate constant of HNO3(s) varied with DHNO3 and surface-catalysis mechanism was proposed. Organic compounds further enhance the photolysis rate constant by up to one order of magnitude via both photosensitization and H-donating reaction. The H-donating reaction enhances as well the secondary HONO yield from reaction between the primary product NO2 and adjacent H-donor, and thus increases the HONO/NO2 production ratio. Finally, detailed mechanisms involving surface-catalyisis, photosensitization and H-donating reactions was integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Ye
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Center for Environment and Health, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Honglian Gao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12201, USA.
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McFall AS, Edwards KC, Anastasio C. Nitrate Photochemistry at the Air-Ice Interface and in Other Ice Reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5710-5717. [PMID: 29667816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of snowpack nitrate (NO3-) is an important source of gaseous reactive nitrogen species that affect atmospheric oxidants, particularly in remote regions. However, it is unclear whether nitrate photochemistry differs between the three solute reservoirs in/on ice: in liquid-like regions (LLRs) in the ice; within the solid ice matrix; and in a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the air-ice interface, where past work indicates photolysis is enhanced. In this work, we explore the photoformation of nitrite in these reservoirs using laboratory ices. Nitrite quantum yields, Φ(NO2-), at 313 nm for aqueous and LLR ice samples agree with previous values, e.g., 0.65 ± 0.07% at -10 °C. For ice samples made via flash-freezing solution in liquid nitrogen, where nitrate is possibly present as a solid solution, the nitrite quantum yield is 0.57 ± 0.05% at -10 °C, similar to the LLR results. In contrast, the quantum yield at the air-ice interface is enhanced by a factor of 3.7 relative to LLRs, with a value of 2.39 ± 0.24%. These results indicate nitrate photolysis is enhanced at the air-ice interface, although the importance of this enhancement in the environment depends on the amount of nitrate present at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S McFall
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Kasey C Edwards
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Sandner T, Steinbach AM, Knittel P, Diemant T, Behm RJ, Strehle S, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B. Silanization of Sapphire Surfaces for Optical Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2017; 2:522-530. [PMID: 28723185 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-characterized silane layers are essential for optimized attachment of (bio)molecules enabling reliable chem/biosensor performance. Herein, binding properties and orientation of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane layers at crystalline sapphire (0001) surfaces were determined by water contact angle measurements, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy measurements suggest an almost perpendicular arrangement of the MPTMS molecules to the substrate surface. Adhesion force studies between a silicon nitride AFM tip and modified sapphire, gold, and silicon dioxide substrates were investigated by peak force tapping atomic force microscopy and used to define the silane binding properties on these surfaces. As expected, the Al-O-Si bond was determined to be responsible for the layer formation at the sapphire substrate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sandner
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Annina M. Steinbach
- Institute
of Electron Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 45, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Knittel
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Diemant
- Institute
of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute
of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Strehle
- Institute
of Electron Devices and Circuits, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 45, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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