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Nam JH, Nayak G, Exarhos S, Mueller CM, Xu D, Schatz GC, Bruggeman PJ. Mechanisms of controlled stabilizer-free synthesis of gold nanoparticles in liquid aerosol containing plasma. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11643-11656. [PMID: 39055030 PMCID: PMC11268499 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between low-temperature plasma and liquid enables highly reactive solution phase chemistry and fast reaction kinetics. In this work, we demonstrate the rapid synthesis of stabilizer-free, spherical and crystalline gold nanoparticles (AuNP). More than 70% of gold ion complex (AuCl- 4) conversion is achieved within a droplet residence time in the plasma of ∼10 ms. The average size of the AuNPs increases with an increase in the droplet residence time and the particle synthesis showed a power threshold effect suggesting the applicability of the classical nucleation theory. Leveraging UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, and nanoparticle size distributions obtained from TEM measurements, we showed that the AuCl- 4 conversion exceeded by 250 times the maximum faradaic efficiency. We identified important roles of both short-lived reducing species including solvated electrons and possibly vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons, and long-lived species, H2O2, in the reduction of AuCl- 4. A quantitative investigation was performed by a 1-D reaction-diffusion model which includes transport, plasma-enabled interfacial reduction of AuCl- 4, classical nucleation, monomer absorption and autocatalytic surface growth enabled by H2O2. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results. The timescale analysis of the simulation revealed that nucleation is enabled by fast reduction of gold ions, and autocatalytic growth mainly determines the particle size and is responsible for the majority of the ion precursor conversion while also explaining the excessively large faradaic efficiency found experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN-55455 USA
| | - Gaurav Nayak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN-55455 USA
| | - Stephen Exarhos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN-55455 USA
| | - Chelsea M Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL-60208 USA
| | - Dongxuan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN-55455 USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL-60208 USA
| | - Peter J Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN-55455 USA
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2
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Hidayah AN, Triyono D, Herbani Y, Saleh R. Tuning size and shape of gold nanoparticles using seed-mediated growth by unfocused femtosecond laser-induced plasma. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2126-2129. [PMID: 37058658 DOI: 10.1364/ol.486196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles with tunable size and shape are effectively synthesized with a femtosecond laser using the seed and growth method by reducing a KAuCl4 solution with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surfactant as a stabilizer. The sizes of gold nanoparticles, including 7.30 to 9.90, 11.0, 12.0, 14.1, 17.3, 22, 23.0, 24.4, and 27.2 nm, are effectively altered. In addition, the initial shapes of gold nanoparticles (quasi-spherical, triangular, and nanoplate) are also successfully changed. While the reduction effect of an unfocused femtosecond laser can control the size of nanoparticles, the surfactant can influence the growth of nanoparticles and determine their shape. This technology represents a breakthrough for nanoparticle development by not employing strong reducing agents and instead using an environmentally friendly synthesis technique.
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3
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Putri KY, Fadli AL, Umaroh FA, Herbani Y, Imawan C, Djuhana D. Femtosecond laser-induced photochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles in nitrate solution. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Kononenko VV, Ashikkalieva KK, Arutyunyan NR, Romshin AM, Kononenko TV, Konov VI. Femtosecond laser-produced plasma driven nanoparticle formation in gold aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Broadhead EJ, Monroe A, Tibbetts KM. Deposition of Cubic Copper Nanoparticles on Silicon Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures via Reactive Laser Ablation in Liquid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3740-3750. [PMID: 33740377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the deposition of cubic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) of varying size and particle density on silicon laser-induced periodic surface structures via reactive laser ablation in liquid (RLAL) using intense femtosecond laser pulses. Two syntheses were compared: (1) simultaneous deposition, wherein a silicon wafer was laser-processed in aqueous Cu(NO3)2 solution and (2) sequential deposition, wherein the silicon wafer was laser-processed in water and then exposed to aqueous Cu(NO3)2. Only simultaneous deposition resulted in high Cu loading and cubic Cu NPs deposited on the surface. The solution pH, Cu(NO3)2 concentration, and sample translation rate were varied to determine their effects on the size, morphology, and density of Cu NPs. Solution pH near ∼6.8 maximized Cu deposition. The Cu(NO3)2 concentration affected the Cu NP morphology but not the size or Cu loading. The sample translation rate most significantly affected the Cu loading, particle size, and particle density. The observed synthesis parameter dependence of these Cu NP properties resembles results by electrodeposition to grow Cu NPs on silicon surfaces, which suggests that Cu NP deposition by RLAL follows a mechanism similar to electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Broadhead
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Avery Monroe
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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6
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Nguyen CM, Frias Batista LM, John MG, Rodrigues CJ, Tibbetts KM. Mechanism of Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticle Formation by Laser Coreduction of Gold and Silver Ions in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:907-917. [PMID: 33439650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reduction of aqueous Ag+ and [AuCl4]- into alloy Au-Ag nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) with intense laser pulses is a green synthesis approach that requires no toxic chemical reducing agents or stabilizers; however size control without capping agents still remains a challenge. Hydrated electrons produced in the laser plasma can reduce both [AuCl4]- and Ag+ to form NPs, but hydroxyl radicals (OH·) in the plasma inhibit Ag NP formation by promoting the back-oxidation of Ag0 into Ag+. In this work, femtosecond laser reduction is used to synthesize Au-Ag NPs with controlled compositions by adding the OH· scavenger isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to precursor solutions containing KAuCl4 and AgClO4. With sufficient IPA concentration, varying the precursor ratio enabled control over the Au-Ag NP composition and produced alloy NPs with average sizes less than 10 nm and homogeneous molar compositions of Au and Ag. By investigating the kinetics of Ag+ and [AuCl4]- coreduction, we find that the reduction of [AuCl4]- into Au-Ag NPs occurs before most of the Ag+ is incorporated, giving us insight into the mechanism of Au-Ag NP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Laysa M Frias Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mallory G John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Collin J Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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7
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Gold Nanoparticle Formation via X-ray Radiolysis Investigated with Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197125. [PMID: 32992497 PMCID: PMC7582564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the generation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from the aqueous solution of chloro(2,2',2″-terpyridine)gold(III) ion ([Au(tpy)Cl]2+) through X-ray radiolysis and optical excitation at a synchrotron. The original purpose of the experiment was to investigate the photoinduced structural changes of [Au(tpy)Cl]2+ upon 400 nm excitation using time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL). Initially, the TRXL data did not show any signal that would suggest structural changes of the solute molecule, but after an induction time, the TRXL data started to show sharp peaks and valleys. In the early phase, AuNPs with two types of morphology, dendrites, and spheres, were formed by the reducing action of hydrated electrons generated by the X-ray radiolysis of water, thereby allowing the detection of TRXL data due to the laser-induced lattice expansion and relaxation of AuNPs. Along with the lattice expansion, the dendritic and spherical AuNPs were transformed into smaller, raspberry-shaped AuNPs of a relatively uniform size via ablation by the optical femtosecond laser pulse used for the TRXL experiment. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the reduction potential of the metal complex relative to the hydration potential of X-ray-generated electrons determines the facile AuNP formation observed for [Au(tpy)Cl]2+.
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8
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Broadhead EJ, Tibbetts KM. Fabrication of Gold-Silicon Nanostructured Surfaces with Reactive Laser Ablation in Liquid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10120-10129. [PMID: 32787031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser processing is an emerging technique capable of synthesizing metal-silicon composite surfaces for various applications. However, little is known about the chemical composition of these laser-processed surfaces, and the reaction mechanisms leading to their formation are poorly understood. In this work, we report the formation of gold-silicon nanostructured surfaces through reactive laser ablation in liquid. Silicon wafers were immersed in pH-controlled solutions of KAuCl4 and processed with ultrashort laser pulses. Gold deposition on the silicon wafers was found to depend on the pH of the precursor solution: neutral solutions (pH ∼6.3) resulted in much higher gold deposition than acidic or basic solutions. Laser processing of silicon wafers in water followed by immersion in the KAuCl4 solution resulted in lower gold deposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and depth profiling showed the existence of both gold (Au0) and gold-silicide (AuxSi) phases on the surfaces. Under both types of processing conditions, the gold atomic fraction and gold-silicide content increased with depth to at least 150 nm into the surface of the silicon wafer, although significantly more gold and gold-silicide were formed when the silicon was ablated in KAuCl4 solution as compared to immersion in KAuCl4 after ablation in water. Based on these data and existing literature on laser processing of silicon, we propose mechanisms that explain the observed gold penetration depth and its deposition dependence on solution pH. The mechanistic understanding gained in this work may be useful for synthesizing a variety of metal-silicon composite surfaces through laser processing to prepare functional materials such as catalysts and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Broadhead
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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9
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Nakashima N, Yatsuhashi T, Sakota K, Iwakura I, Hashimoto S, Yokoyama K, Matsuda S. An electron-capture efficiency in femtosecond filamentation. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Yamada M, Wahyudiono, Machmudah S, Kanda H, Zhao Y, Goto M. Atmospheric-Pressure Pulsed Discharge Plasma in a Slug Flow Reactor System for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17679-17685. [PMID: 32715254 PMCID: PMC7377323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) formation by applying pulsed discharge plasma in the slug flow reactor system was demonstrated. Experiments were carried out continuously at room temperature. The argon gas as a gas phase and the hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) tetra hydrate solution containing lysine as a liquid phase simultaneously flowed in the slug flow reactor system. The flow rates of the feed solution and argon gas were kept at 1.5 and 0.2 mL/min, respectively. To generate discharge plasma, the AC power supply with a bipolar pulsed output at 10 kV was applied. The purple color solution product was obtained, and the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer showed that this possessed the absorption light from 510 to 550 nm associated with the existence of gold nanoparticles in each collected sample. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the lysine-capped AuNPs were produced in a spherical morphology and dispersed in aqueous solution products with a diameter of less than 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Yamada
- Department
of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Wahyudiono
- Department
of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Siti Machmudah
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember
Institute of Technology, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department
of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department
of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya
University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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11
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Okamoto T, Nakamura T, Sakota K, Yatsuhashi T. Synthesis of Single-Nanometer-Sized Gold Nanoparticles in Liquid-Liquid Dispersion System by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12123-12129. [PMID: 31446759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show unique optical properties and catalytic activities, and their synthesis from gold ions has been widely studied. One of the additive-reagent-free and noncontact production procedures is the reduction of gold ions in solution by femtosecond laser pulses; however, the aggregation of AuNPs is unavoidable in homogeneous solution. Here, we report the synthesis of single-nanometer-sized AuNPs in a mixture of aqueous HAuCl4 solution and n-hexane (the mixture) and in aqueous HAuCl4 solution (the aqueous solution) by femtosecond laser irradiation in the absence of any additive reagents. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that circlelike colonies consisting of well-separated AuNPs were obtained from the mixture, while highly stacked and agglomerated AuNPs were obtained from the aqueous solution. The mean size of AuNPs in the mixture was nearly independent of the laser irradiation time, whereas that obtained in aqueous solution was gradually shifted to smaller size by laser irradiation period. We propose that the adsorption of primary AuNPs on the surface of hexane microdroplets and the fragmentation of large AuNPs in water by successive laser pulses retain single-nanometer-sized AuNPs in the mixture. The use of liquid-liquid interface on hexane microdroplets in aqueous solution provides a simple and useful environment to synthesize small AuNPs without the aid of surfactants or capping agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira , Aoba-ku, Sendai , Miyagi 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Kenji Sakota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
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12
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Tangeysh B, Odhner JH, Wang Y, Wayland BB, Levis RJ. Formation of Copper(I) Oxide- and Copper(I) Cyanide-Polyacetonitrile Nanocomposites through Strong-Field Laser Processing of Acetonitrile Solutions of Copper(II) Acetate Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6430-6438. [PMID: 31266303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation studies of acetonitrile solutions of copper(II) acetate dimer ([Cu(OAc)2]2) using high energy, simultaneously spatially and temporally focused (SSTF) ultrashort laser pulses are reported. Under ambient conditions, irradiation for relatively short periods of time (10-20 s) selectively produces relatively small, narrowly size-dispersed (3.5 ± 0.7 nm) copper(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) embedded in CuCN-polyacetonitrile polymers generated in situ by the laser. The Cu2O NPs become embedded in a CuCN-polyacetonitrile network as they form, stabilizing them and protecting the air-sensitive material from oxygen. Laser irradiation of acetonitrile causes fragmentation into transient radicals that initiate and terminate polymerization of acetonitrile. Control and mechanistic investigations reveal that HCN formed during laser irradiation reacts rapidly to reduce the Cu(II) centers in [Cu(OAc)2]2, leading to the formation of CuCN or, in the presence of water, Cu2O nanoparticles that bind and cross-link CuCN-polyacetonitrile chains. The acetate-bridged Cu(II) dimer unit is a required structural feature that functions to preorganize and direct the Cu(II) reduction and selective formation of CuCN and Cu2O nanoparticles. This study illustrates how rapid deposition of energy using shaped, ultrashort laser pulses can initiate multiple photolytic and thermal processes that lead to the selective formation of composite nanoparticle/polymer materials for applications in electronics and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Tangeysh
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Johanan H Odhner
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Bradford B Wayland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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13
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Frias Batista LM, Meader VK, Romero K, Kunzler K, Kabir F, Bullock A, Tibbetts KM. Kinetic Control of [AuCl4]− Photochemical Reduction and Gold Nanoparticle Size with Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7204-7213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laysa M. Frias Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Victoria Kathryn Meader
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katherine Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Karli Kunzler
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Fariha Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Amazin Bullock
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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14
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Simakin AV, Astashev ME, Baimler IV, Uvarov OV, Voronov VV, Vedunova MV, Sevost'yanov MA, Belosludtsev KN, Gudkov SV. The Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Concentration and Laser Fluence on the Laser-Induced Water Decomposition. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1869-1880. [PMID: 30696249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This Article covers the influence of the concentration of gold nanoparticles on laser-induced water decomposition. It was established that addition of gold nanoparticles intensifies laser-induced water decomposition by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The water decomposition rate was shown to be maximal at a nanoparticle concentration around 1010 NP/mL, whereas a decrease or increase of nanoparticle concentration leads to a decrease of water decomposition rate. It was demonstrated that, if the concentration of nanoparticles in water-based colloid was less than 1010 NP/mL, laser irradiation of the colloid caused formation of molecular hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide, and molecular oxygen. If the concentration of nanoparticles exceeded 1011 NP/mL, only two products, molecular hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide, were formed. Correlations between the water decomposition rate and the main optical and acoustic parameters of optical breakdown-generated plasma were investigated. Variants of laser-induced decomposition of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles based on organic solvents (ethanol, propanol-2, butanol-2, diethyl ether) were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander V Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 38 Vavilova St. , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Maxim E Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 3 Institutskaya St. , Pushchino, Moscow Region 119991 , Russia
| | - Ilya V Baimler
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 38 Vavilova St. , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Institutsky Lane 9 , Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700 , Russia
| | - Oleg V Uvarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 38 Vavilova St. , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Valery V Voronov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 38 Vavilova St. , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine , Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , 23 Gagarin Ave. , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia
| | - Mikhail A Sevost'yanov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 49 Leninskiy Ave. , Moscow 119334 , Russia
| | | | - Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 38 Vavilova St. , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine , Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod , 23 Gagarin Ave. , Nizhny Novgorod 603950 , Russia.,Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI) , 61/2 Shchepkina St. , Moscow 129110 , Russia
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15
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Rodrigues CJ, Bobb JA, John MG, Fisenko SP, El-Shall MS, Tibbetts KM. Nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles initiated by nanosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation of aqueous [AuCl 4] . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28465-28475. [PMID: 30411753 PMCID: PMC6310131 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation of aqueous [AuCl4]- with 532 nm nanosecond (ns) laser pulses produces monodisperse (PDI = 0.04) 5 nm Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) without any additives or capping agents via a plasmon-enhanced photothermal autocatalytic mechanism. Compared with 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser pulses, the AuNP growth kinetics under ns laser irradiation follow the same autocatalytic rate law, but with a significantly lower sensitivity to laser pulse energy. The results are explained using a simple model for simulating heat transfer in liquid water and at the interface with AuNPs. While the extent of water superheating with the ns laser is smaller compared to the fs laser, its significantly longer duration can provide sufficient energy to dissociate a small fraction of the [AuCl4]- present, resulting in the formation of AuNPs by coalescence of the resulting Au atoms. Irradiation of initially formed AuNPs at 532 nm results in plasmon-enhanced superheating of water, which greatly accelerates the rate of thermal dissociation of [AuCl4]- and accounts for the observed autocatalytic kinetics. The plasmon-enhanced heating under ns laser irradiation fragments the AuNPs and results in nearly uniform 5 nm particles, while the lack of particles' heating under fs laser irradiation results in the growth of the particles as large as 40 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Julian A. Bobb
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Mallory G. John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Sergey P. Fisenko
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - M. Samy El-Shall
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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16
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Belmouaddine H, Shi M, Sanche L, Houde D. Tuning the size of gold nanoparticles produced by multiple filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23403-23413. [PMID: 30178785 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we consider the self-regulated generation of spatially homogeneous low density plasma (LDP) micro-channels as a high intensity ionization source arising from the multi-filamentation of powerful femtosecond (fs) laser pulses in aqueous solutions. We investigate the modulation of the femtosecond laser multiple filamentation for tuning the size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized in an irradiated gold chloride solution. Previous studies on the radiation-induced synthesis of colloidal gold by more conventional ionization sources, such as high energy γ-rays and electron beams, highlighted the dependence of the size distribution of AuNPs on the density of energy deposited per unit of time, i.e. the dose rate. The present method of laser-induced production of AuNPs rests on a similar radiation-assisted process, i.e. the reduction of the solvated trivalent gold ions by the hydrated electrons produced upon ionization of water. We find that trivial optical manipulation varies the rate of deposited energy by laser irradiation, which can be considered equivalent to a variation of the dose rate. We investigate the influence of varying the density of energy deposited on the laser-induced gold cluster size distribution and made a comparison with the high energy radiation-induced synthesis of AuNPs. Here, our results highlight that the present method of laser irradiation, in the regime of LDP generation, mimics the radiolysis of water at an adjustable high dose rate. More generally, these spatially and temporally resolved plasmas could be developed as a tool for the unprecedented control of chemistry under ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Belmouaddine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Meader VK, John MG, Frias Batista LM, Ahsan S, Tibbetts KM. Radical Chemistry in a Femtosecond Laser Plasma: Photochemical Reduction of Ag⁺ in Liquid Ammonia Solution. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030532. [PMID: 29495471 PMCID: PMC6017740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmas with dense concentrations of reactive species such as hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals are generated from focusing intense femtosecond laser pulses into aqueous media. These radical species can reduce metal ions such as Au3+ to form metal nanoparticles (NPs). However, the formation of H₂O₂ by the recombination of hydroxyl radicals inhibits the reduction of Ag⁺ through back-oxidation. This work has explored the control of hydroxyl radical chemistry in a femtosecond laser-generated plasma through the addition of liquid ammonia. The irradiation of liquid ammonia solutions resulted in a reaction between NH₃ and OH·, forming peroxynitrite and ONOO-, and significantly reducing the amount of H₂O₂ generated. Varying the liquid ammonia concentration controlled the Ag⁺ reduction rate, forming 12.7 ± 4.9 nm silver nanoparticles at the optimal ammonia concentration. The photochemical mechanisms underlying peroxynitrite formation and Ag⁺ reduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallory G John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
| | | | - Syeda Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23220, USA.
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Belmouaddine H, Shi M, Karsenti PL, Meesat R, Sanche L, Houde D. Dense ionization and subsequent non-homogeneous radical-mediated chemistry of femtosecond laser-induced low density plasma in aqueous solutions: synthesis of colloidal gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:7897-7909. [PMID: 28262861 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The "cold" low density plasma channels generated by the filamentation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses in aqueous solutions constitute a source of dense ionization. Here, we probed the radiation-assisted chemistry of water triggered by laser ionization via the radical-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles in gold chloride aqueous solutions. We showed that the formation of colloidal gold originates from the reduction of trivalent ionic gold initially present in solution by the reactive radicals (e.g. hydrated electrons) produced upon the photolysis of water. We analyzed both the reaction kinetics of the laser-induced hydrated electrons and the growth kinetics of the gold nanoparticles. Introduction of radical scavengers into the solutions and different initial concentrations of gold chloride provided information about the radical-mediated chemistry. The dense ionization results in the second order cross-recombination of the photolysis primary byproducts. Competition with recombination imposes the non-homogeneous interaction of reactive radicals with solute present in irradiated aqueous solutions. Such a laser-induced non-homogeneous chemistry suggests similarities with the radiation chemistry of water exposed to conventional densely ionizing radiation (high dose rate, high linear energy transfer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Belmouaddine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Minghan Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Paul-Ludovic Karsenti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Ridthee Meesat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Houde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Preparation and micropatterning of gold nanoparticles by femtosecond laser-induced optical breakdown. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Meader VK, John MG, Rodrigues CJ, Tibbetts KM. Roles of Free Electrons and H2O2 in the Optical Breakdown-Induced Photochemical Reduction of Aqueous [AuCl4]−. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6742-6754. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kathryn Meader
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mallory G. John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Collin J. Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Herbani Y, Nakamura T, Sato S. Silver nanoparticle formation by femtosecond laser induced reduction of ammonia-containing AgNO3 solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/817/1/012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tangeysh B, Tibbetts KM, Odhner JH, Wayland BB, Levis RJ. Gold Nanotriangle Formation through Strong-Field Laser Processing of Aqueous KAuCl 4 and Postirradiation Reduction by Hydrogen Peroxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:243-252. [PMID: 27983860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser irradiation of aqueous KAuCl4 followed by postirradiation reduction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is investigated as a new approach for the synthesis of gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) without any added surfactant molecules. Laser irradiation was applied for times ranging from 5 to 240 s, and postirradiation reduction of the solutions was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. Laser processing of aqueous KAuCl4 for 240 s, where the full reduction of Au(III) occurred during irradiation, produced spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an average size of 11.4 ± 3.4 nm. Irradiation for shorter times (i.e., 15 s) resulted in the formation of laser-generated AuNP seeds (5.7 ± 1.8 nm) in equilibrium with unreacted KAuCl4 after termination of laser irradiation. The postirradiation reduction of these solutions by H2O2 produced a mixture of spherical and triangular AuNPs. Decreasing the laser irradiation time from 45 to 5 s significantly reduced the number of laser-generated Au seeds, the amount of H2O2 produced, and the rate of postirradiation reduction, resulting in the formation of a large number of AuNTs with sizes increasing from 29.5 ± 10.2 to 125 ± 43.2 nm. Postirradiation reduction is kinetically inhibited in the absence of laser-generated AuNP seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Tangeysh
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Johanan H Odhner
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Bradford B Wayland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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