1
|
Conway U, Warren AD, Gates PJ. A study of the application of graphite MALDI to the analysis of lanthanides and deconvolution of the isobaric species observed. Analyst 2021; 146:5988-5994. [PMID: 34499060 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry has always suffered from matrix interference at low-masses making it an unsuitable method for the analysis of low molecular weight analytes. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of graphite as a matrix. In this study, we demonstrate the application of colloidal graphite for the analysis of lanthanides in the positive ion mode. Positive ion mode is of academic interest as spectra are dominated by lanthanide cations, oxides, hydroxides and carbides with the metal having been reduced to oxidation state I, II or III. The ratios of the different ions are considered in terms of redox potentials of the lanthanides and rates of reaction with oxygen. Positive ion mode is shown to be useful as a rapid technique for confirming which metal(s) are present in a sample which can have an application in environmental monitoring, for example. Demonstration of a least squares approach to deconvolution is applied for the complete separation and relative quantification of the different isobaric species observed due to the complex isotope distributions of some lanthanides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulric Conway
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Alexander D Warren
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. .,Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan Q, Cao W, Wang XB. Cryogenic and temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of metal complexes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1719699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Cao W, Yang DS. Spin-orbit coupling and vibronic transitions of two Ce(C4H6) isomers probed by mass-analyzed threshold ionization and relativistic quantum computation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metz RB, Altinay G, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Probing Reactivity of Gold Atoms with Acetylene and Ethylene with VUV Photoionization Mass Spectrometry and Ab Initio Studies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2194-2202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gokhan Altinay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao W, Zhang Y, Yang DS. La-mediated dehydrogenation and C C bond cleavage of 1,4-pentadiene and 1-pentyne: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C5H6) and La(C3H4) radicals. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Nyambo S, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of lanthanide imide LnNH (Ln = La and Ce) radicals from N–H bond activation of ammonia. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:234301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5064597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao W, Zhang Y, Nyambo S, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—H and C—C bond activation of 1-pentene and 2-pentene. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by association and carbon-carbon bond cleavage of isoprene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194302. [PMID: 30307187 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La atom reaction with isoprene is carried out in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source. The reaction yields an adduct as the major product and C-C cleaved and dehydrogenated species as the minor ones. La(C5H8), La(C2H2), and La(C3H4) are characterized with mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The MATI spectra of all three species exhibit a strong origin band and several weak vibronic bands corresponding to La-ligand stretch and ligand-based bend excitations. La(C5H8) is a five-membered metallacycle, whereas La(C2H2) and La(C3H4) are three-membered rings. All three metallacycles prefer a doublet ground state with a La 6s1-based valence electron configuration and a singlet ion. The five-membered metallacycle is formed through La addition and isoprene isomerization, whereas the two three-membered rings are produced by La addition and insertion, hydrogen migration, and carbon-carbon bond cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A theoretical study on La-activated bicyclo-oligomerization of acetylene to form naphthalene in gas phase using density functional theory (DFT). Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of butenes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H6) isomers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva WR, Cao W, Yang DS. Low-Energy Photoelectron Imaging Spectroscopy of La n(benzene) (n = 1 and 2). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8440-8447. [PMID: 29061045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lan(benzene) (n = 1 and 2) are formed in a pulsed laser-ablation molecular beam source and characterized by low-energy photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The photoelectron spectrum of La2(benzene) displays a strong origin band, a short metal-ligand stretching progression, and a weak ring deformation band. Four isomers are considered for La2(benzene), and the preferred structure is an inverse sandwich with two La atoms residing on the opposite sides of the benzene ring. The ground electronic state of the inverse sandwich is 1A1g (D3d) with (5dxy,x2-y2 + π*)46s2 electron configuration. Ionization removes a La-based 6s electron and yields a 2A1g ion. The spectrum of La(benzene) is similar to the zero-electron kinetic energy spectrum reported previously by our group, although the spectral line width is somewhat broader. The measurement of the photoelectron angular distribution of La(benzene) confirms that the ejected electron has largely a p wave character. The metal-ligand bonding of La2(benzene) is considerably stronger than that of La(benzene) due to the threefold binding of each La atom in the dilanthanum species and the twofold binding in the monolanthanum complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of 1- and 2-butynes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H4) isomers. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hewage D, Cao W, Kumari S, Silva R, Li TH, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—C bond cleavage and coupling of propene. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Sudesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Tao Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumari S, Cao W, Hewage D, Silva R, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—H bond activation of propene. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hewage D, Cao W, Kim JH, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang DS. Spectroscopic Characterization of Nonconcerted [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,3-Butadiene with Lanthanacyclopropene To Form Lanthanum–Benzene in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Ya Wang
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Schmidt MW, Kumari S, Gordon MS, Yang DS. Threshold Ionization and Spin–Orbit Coupling of Ceracyclopropene Formed by Ethylene Dehydrogenation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6963-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Michael W. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Sudesh Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| |
Collapse
|