Velocity Map Imaging Study of Ion–Radical Chemistry: Charge Transfer and Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in the Reactions of Allyl Radicals with C+

Electronic Spectrum and Photodissociation Chemistry of the 1-Butyn-3-yl Cation, H3CCHCCH. J Phys Chem A 2020;124:2366-2371. [PMID: 32119779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11810]

The B̃¹A' ← X̃¹A' electronic spectra of the 1-butyn-3-yl cation (H₃CCHCCH⁺) and the H₃CCHCCH⁺-Ne and H₃CCHCCH⁺-Ar complexes are measured using resonance enhanced photodissociation over the 245-285 nm range, with origin transitions occurring at 35936, 35930, and 35928 cm^-1, respectively. Vibronic bands are assigned based on quantum chemical calculations and comparison of the spectra with those of the related linear methyl propargyl (H₃C₄H₂⁺) and propargyl (H₂C₃H⁺) cations. The photofragment ions are C₂H₃⁺ (major) and C₄H₃⁺ (minor), with the preference for C₂H₃⁺ consistent with master equation simulations for a mechanism that involves rapid electronic deactivation and dissociation on the ground state potential energy surface.

The Selective Role of Long-Range Forces in the Stereodynamics of Ion-Molecule Reactions: The He+ +Methyl Formate Case From Guided-Ion-Beam Experiments

Long-range intermolecular forces play a crucial role in controlling the outcome of ion-molecule chemical reactions, such as those determining the disappearance of organic or inorganic "complex" molecules recently detected in various regions of the interstellar medium due to collisions with abundant interstellar atomic ions (e.g. H⁺ and He⁺ ). Theoretical treatments, for example, based on simple capture models, are nowadays often adopted to evaluate the collision-energy dependence of reactive cross sections and the temperature dependent rate coefficients of many ion-molecule reactions. The obtained results are widely used for the modelling of phenomena occurring in different natural environments or technological applications such as astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Herein it is demonstrated, through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation on a prototype ion-molecule reaction (He⁺ +methyl formate), that the dynamics, investigated in detail, shows some intriguing features that can lead to rate coefficients at odds with the expectations (e.g. Arrhenius versus anti-Arrhenius behaviour). Therefore, this study casts light on some new and general guidelines to be properly taken into account for a suitable evaluation of rate coefficients of ion-molecule reactions.

Kinetics of Cations with C2 Hydrofluorocarbon Radicals

Reactions of the cations Ar⁺, O₂⁺, CO₂⁺, and CF₃⁺ with the C₂ radicals C₂H₅, H₂C₂F₃, C₂F₃, and C₂F₅ were investigated using the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry technique in a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus at room temperature. Rate coefficients for observed product channels for these 16 reactions are reported as well as rate coefficients and product branching fractions for the 16 reactions of the same cations with each of the stable neutrals used as radical precursors (the species RI, where R is the radical studied). Reactions with the stable neutrals proceed by charge transfer at or near the collisional rate coefficient where energetically allowed; where charge transfer is endothermic, bond-breaking/bond-making chemistry occurs. While also efficient, reactions with the radicals are more likely to occur at a smaller fraction of the collisional rate coefficient, and bond-breaking/bond-making chemistry occurs even in some cases where charge transfer is exothermic. It is noted that unlike radical reactions with neutral species, which occur with rate coefficients that are generally elevated compared to those of stable species, ion-radical reactivity is generally decreased relative to that of reactions with stable species. In particular, long-range charge transfer appears more likely to be frustrated in the ion-radical systems.

Imaging the dynamics of ion–molecule reactions

A range of ion–molecule reactions have been studied in the last years using the crossed-beam ion imaging technique, from charge transfer and proton transfer to nucleophilic substitution and elimination.