1
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Deal A, Smith AE, Oyala KM, Campolo GH, Rugeley BE, Mose TA, Talley DL, Cooley CB, Rapf RJ. Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy of α-Keto Acids at the Air-Water Interface: Effects of Chain Length and Headgroup on Environmentally Relevant Surfactant Films. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4137-4151. [PMID: 37103984 PMCID: PMC10184673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A variety of organic surfactants are found at air-water interfaces in natural environments, including on the surfaces of aqueous aerosols. The structure and morphology of these organic films can have profound impacts on material transfer between the gas and condensed phases, the optical properties of atmospheric aerosol, and chemical processing at air-water interfaces. Combined, these effects can have significant impacts on climate via radiative forcing, but our understanding of organic films at air-water interfaces is incomplete. Here, we examine the impact of the polar headgroup and alkyl tail length on the structure and morphology of organic monolayers at the air-water interfaces. First, we focus on the substituted carboxylic acids, α-keto acids, using Langmuir isotherms and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS) to elucidate key structures and phase behaviors of α-keto acids with a range of surface activities. We show that the structure of α-keto acids, both soluble and insoluble, at water surfaces is a compromise between van der Waals interactions of the hydrocarbon tail and hydrogen bonding interactions involving the polar headgroup. Then, we use this new data set regarding α-keto acid films at water surfaces to examine the role of the polar headgroup on organic films using a similar substituted carboxylic acid (α-hydroxystearic acid), an unsubstituted carboxylic acid (stearic acid), and an alcohol (stearyl alcohol). We show that the polar headgroup and its hydrogen bonding interactions can significantly affect the orientation of amphiphiles at air-water interfaces. Here, we provide side-by-side comparisons of Langmuir isotherms and IR-RA spectra for a set of environmentally relevant organic amphiphiles with a range of alkyl tail lengths and polar headgroup structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra
M. Deal
- Department
of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Abigail E. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Krista M. Oyala
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Giovanna H. Campolo
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Burgess E. Rugeley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Tim A. Mose
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Denver L. Talley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Christina B. Cooley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
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2
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Deal AM, Vaida V. Oxygen Effect on the Ultraviolet-C Photochemistry of Lactic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2936-2945. [PMID: 36962071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid, a small α-hydroxyacid, is ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Recently, the photochemistry of lactic acid has garnered interest among the abiotic organic chemistry community as it would have been present in abiotic settings and photoactive with the high-energy solar radiation that would have been available in the low oxygen early Earth environment. Additionally, we propose that the photochemistry of lactic acid is relevant to modern Earth during indoor ultraviolet-C (UVC) sterilization procedures as lactic acid is emitted by humans and is thus prevalent in indoor environments where UVC sterilization is increasingly being used. Here, we study the oxygen effect on the gas phase photolysis of lactic acid using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and isotopically labeled oxygen (18O2). We find that the major products of gas phase lactic acid photolysis are CO2, CO, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid. Furthermore, these products are the same with or without added oxygen, but the partial pressures of produced CO2, CO, and acetaldehyde increase with the amount of added oxygen. Notably, the added oxygen is primarily incorporated into produced CO2 and CO, while little or none is incorporated into acetaldehyde. We combine the results presented here with those in the literature to propose a mechanism for the gas phase photolysis of lactic acid and the role of oxygen in this mechanism. Finally, we compare the output of a krypton-chloride excimer lamp (λ = 222 nm), one of the lamps proposed for UVC sterilization procedures, to the absorption of lactic acid. We show that lactic acid would be photoactive during UVC sterilization procedures, and we use the gas phase results presented here and aqueous lactic acid photolysis results previously published to assess potential byproducts from lactic acid reactions during UVC sterilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Chang K, Yan Y, Zhang D, Xia Y, Chen X, Lei L, Shi S. Synergistic Bonding of Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Hybrid Microgels and Gold Nanoparticles Used for Temperature-Responsive Controllable Catalysis of p-Nitrophenol Reduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2408-2421. [PMID: 36725677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hybrid nanoparticles used for controllable catalysis have been attracting increasing attention. This study aims to prepare hybrid microgels with excellent temperature-sensitive colorimetric and catalytic properties through combining the surface plasmon resonance properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the temperature-sensitive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based microgels. Microgels with hydroxy groups (MG-OH) were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization, using N-isopropylacrylamide as the main monomer, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate as the functional monomer, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide as the crosslinker, and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride as an initiator to ensure the microgels are positively charged. Furthermore, chemical modification on the surface of MG-OH was carried out by 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane to obtain thiolated microgels (MG-SH). Two kinds of hybrid nanoparticles, AuNPs@MG-OH and AuNPs@MG-SH, were self-assembled, through electrostatic interaction between positive MG-OH and negative citrate-stabilized AuNPs as well as through synergistic bonding of electrostatic interaction and Au-S bonding between positive MG-SH and negative AuNPs. The morphology, stability, temperature-sensitive colorimetric properties, and catalytic properties of hybrid microgels were systematically investigated. Results showed that although both AuNPs@MG-OH and AuNPs@MG-SH exhibit good temperature-sensitive colorimetric properties and controllable catalytic properties for the reduction reaction of p-nitrophenol, AuNPs@MG-SH with synergistic bonding has better stability and higher catalytic performance than AuNPs@MG-OH. This work has good competitiveness against known PNIPAM-based materials and may provide an effective method for preparing smart catalysts by self-assembly with stimuli-responsive polymers, which has a great potential application for catalyzing a variety of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yutian Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yuzheng Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Xiaonong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Lei Lei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Shuxian Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
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4
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Hutton L, Curchod BFE. Photodynamics of Gas‐Phase Pyruvic Acid Following Light Absorption in the Actinic Region. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Hutton
- Centre for Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Basile F. E. Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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5
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Miller TM, Wiens JP, Viggiano AA, Ard SG, Shuman NS. Thermal Electron Attachment to Pyruvic Acid, Thermal Detachment from the Parent Anion, and the Electron Affinity of Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5545-5551. [PMID: 35951543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of electron attachment to pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) and thermal detachment from the resulting parent anion were measured from 300-515 K using a flowing afterglow─Langmuir probe apparatus. An adiabatic electron affinity (EA) for pyruvic acid was derived, 0.84 ± 0.02 eV. Electron attachment rate constants to pyruvic acid of 2.1 × 10-8 and 1.2 × 10-8 were measured at 300 and 400 K, respectively. Rate constants at higher temperatures are less well-defined due to possible contributions from attachment to zymonic open ketone, an endemic impurity in pyruvic acid. Similarly, unimolecular detachment rates are complicated by secondary proton transfer reaction of the pyruvic acid anion with pyruvic acid to yield an 87 Da anion. The possible contributions from these chemistries are considered, and in all cases the equilibrium constant between attachment and detachment remains well-defined, allowing for determination of the EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Miller
- Boston College Institute for Scientific Research, Boston, Massachusetts 02549, United States
| | - Justin P Wiens
- Boston College Institute for Scientific Research, Boston, Massachusetts 02549, United States
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, United States
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6
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Kappes K, Frandsen BN, Vaida V. Infrared spectroscopy of 2-oxo-octanoic acid in multiple phases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6757-6768. [PMID: 35237773 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-keto acids are environmentally and biologically relevant species whose chemistry has been shown to be influenced by their local environment. Vibrational spectroscopy provides useful ways to probe the potential inter- and intramolecular interactions available to them in several phases. We measure and compare the IR spectra of 2-oxo-octanoic acid (2OOA) in the gas phase, solid phase, and at the air-water interface. With theoretical support, we assign many of the vibrational modes in each of the spectra. In the gas phase, two types of conformers are identified and distinguished, with the intramolecularly H-bonded form being the dominant type, while the second conformer type identified does not have an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The van der Waals interactions between molecules in solid 2OOA manifest C-H and CO vibrations lower in energy than in the gas phase and we propose an intermolecular hydrogen bonding scheme for the solid phase. At the air-water interface the hydrocarbon tails of 2OOA do interact with each other while the carbonyls appear to interact with water in the subphase, but not with neighboring 2OOA as might be expected of a closely packed surfactant film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaten Kappes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin N Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. .,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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7
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Photochemistry of the pyruvate anion produces CO 2, CO, CH 3-, CH 3, and a low energy electron. Nat Commun 2022; 13:937. [PMID: 35177613 PMCID: PMC8854594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry of pyruvic acid has attracted much scientific interest because it is believed to play critical roles in atmospheric chemistry. However, under most atmospherically relevant conditions, pyruvic acid deprotonates to form its conjugate base, the photochemistry of which is essentially unknown. Here, we present a detailed study of the photochemistry of the isolated pyruvate anion and uncover that it is extremely rich. Using photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry, we show that photoexcitation by UVA light leads to the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3−. The observation of the unusual methide anion formation and its subsequent decomposition into methyl radical and a free electron may hold important consequences for atmospheric chemistry. From a mechanistic perspective, the initial decarboxylation of pyruvate necessarily differs from that in pyruvic acid, due to the missing proton in the anion. Pyruvic acid and its conjugate base, the pyruvate anion, are largely present in the atmosphere. Here the authors, using photoelectron imaging and quantum chemistry calculations, investigate the photochemistry of isolated pyruvate anions initiated by UVA radiation and report the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3− further decomposing into CH3 and a free electron.
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8
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Deal AM, Frandsen BN, Vaida V. Lactic acid photochemistry following excitation of S
0
to S
1
at 220 to 250 nm. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
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9
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Barquilla MDP, Mayes ML. Role of hydrogen bonding in bulk aqueous phase decomposition, complexation, and covalent hydration of pyruvic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25151-25170. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of hydrogen bonding changes between the gas and aqueous phase, altering the mechanisms of various pyruvic acid processes and consequently affecting the aerosol formation in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dave P. Barquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Maricris L. Mayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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10
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Jarraya M, Bellili A, Barreau L, Cubaynes D, Garcia GA, Poisson L, Hochlaf M. Probing the dynamics of the photo-induced decarboxylation of neutral and ionic pyruvic acid. Faraday Discuss 2022; 238:266-294. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the electronically excited pyruvic acid (PA) and of its unimolecular decomposition upon single photon ionization are investigated by means of a table top fs laser and VUV...
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11
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Aqueous Photochemistry of 2-Oxocarboxylic Acids: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Atmospheric Impact. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175278. [PMID: 34500711 PMCID: PMC8433822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric organic aerosols play a major role in climate, demanding a better understanding of their formation mechanisms by contributing multiphase chemical reactions with the participation of water. The sunlight driven aqueous photochemistry of small 2-oxocarboxylic acids is a potential major source of organic aerosol, which prompted the investigations into the mechanisms of glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid photochemistry reviewed here. While 2-oxocarboxylic acids can be contained or directly created in the particles, the majorities of these abundant and available molecules are in the gas phase and must first undergo the surface uptake process to react in, and on the surface, of aqueous particles. Thus, the work also reviews the acid-base reaction that occurs when gaseous pyruvic acid meets the interface of aqueous microdroplets, which is contrasted with the same process for acetic acid. This work classifies relevant information needed to understand the photochemistry of aqueous pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid and motivates future studies based on reports that use novel strategies and methodologies to advance this field.
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12
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Abstract
Theoretical chemists have been actively engaged for some time in processes such as ozone photodissociation, overtone photodissociation in nitric acid, pernitric acid, sulphuric acid, clusters and in small organic acids. The last of these have shown very different behaviours in the gas phase, liquid phase and importantly at the air–water interface in aqueous aerosols. The founder of molecular dynamics, B J Alder, pointed out long ago that hydrodynamic behaviour emerged when the symmetry of a random, thermalised population of hard spheres—billiard balls—was broken by a flux of energetic molecules. Despite this, efforts over two centuries to solve turbulence by finding top-down solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation have failed. It is time for theoretical chemistry to try a bottom-up solution. Gibbs free energy that drives the circulation arises from the entropy difference between the incoming low-entropy beam of visible and ultraviolet photons and the outgoing higher-entropy flux of infrared photons over the whole 4π solid angle. The role of the most energetic molecules with the highest velocities will affect the rovibrational line shapes of water, carbon dioxide and ozone in the far wings, where there is the largest effect on radiative transfer and hence on calculations of atmospheric temperature. The atmospheric state is determined by the interaction of radiation, chemistry and fluid dynamics on the microscopic scale, with propagation through the mesoscale to the macroscale. It will take theoretical chemistry to simulate that accurately. A challenging programme of research for theoretical chemistry is proposed, involving ab initio simulation by molecular dynamics of an air volume, starting in the upper stratosphere. The aim is to obtain scaling exponents for turbulence, providing a physical method for upscaling in numerical models. Turbulence affects chemistry, radiation and fluid dynamics at a fundamental, molecular level and is thus of basic concern to theoretical chemistry as it applies to the atmosphere, which consists of molecules in motion.
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13
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Church JR, Vaida V, Skodje RT. Kinetic Study of Gas-Phase Reactions of Pyruvic Acid with HO 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2232-2242. [PMID: 33705144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions between pyruvic acid (PA) and HO2 radicals were examined using ab initio quantum chemistry and transition state theory. The rate coefficients were determined over a temperature range of 200-400 K including tunneling contributions. Six potential reaction pathways were identified. The two hydrogen abstraction reactions yielding the H2O2 product were found to have high barriers. The HO2 radical was also found to have a catalytic effect on the intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions occurring by three distinct routes. These hydrogen-shift reactions are very interesting mechanistically although they are highly endothermic. The only reaction that contributes significantly to the consumption of PA is a multistep pathway involving a peroxy-radical intermediate, PA + HO2 → CH3COOH + OH + CO2. This exothermic process has potential atmospheric relevance because it produces an OH radical as a product. Atmospheric models currently have difficulty predicting accurate OH concentrations for certain atmospheric conditions, such as environments free of NOx and the nocturnal boundary layer. Reactions of this sort, although not necessary with PA, may account for a portion of this deficit. The present study helps settle the issue of the relative roles of reaction and photolysis in consumption of PA in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Rex T Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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14
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Kappes KJ, Deal AM, Jespersen MF, Blair SL, Doussin JF, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Hopper BN, Johnson MS, Vaida V. Chemistry and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1036-1049. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keaten J. Kappes
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Malte F. Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sandra L. Blair
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Brianna N. Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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15
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Samanta BR, Fernando R, Rösch D, Reisler H, Osborn DL. Primary photodissociation mechanisms of pyruvic acid on S1: observation of methylhydroxycarbene and its chemical reaction in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4107-4119. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following S1 ← S0 excitation at 351 nm, pyruvic acid dissociates mainly into methylhydroxycarbene (MHC) and CO2. Some MHC molecules isomerize to more stable acetaldehyde and vinyl alcohol; the remaining MHC is stabilized and reacts bimolecularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - R. Fernando
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - D. Rösch
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
| | - H. Reisler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - D. L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Livermore
- USA
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16
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Frandsen BN, Deal AM, Lane JR, Vaida V. Lactic Acid Spectroscopy: Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 125:218-229. [PMID: 33377780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid, a relevant molecule in biology and the environment, is an α-hydroxy acid with a high propensity to form hydrogen bonds, both internally and to other hydrogen-bond-accepting molecules. This work includes the novel recording of infrared spectra of gas-phase lactic acid using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the vibrational absorption features of lactic acid are assigned with the aid of computationally simulated vibrational spectra with anharmonic corrections. Theoretical chemistry methods are used to relate intramolecular hydrogen-bond strengths to the relative stability of lactic acid conformers. The formation of hydrogen-bonded lactic acid dimers and 1:1 water complexes is investigated by simulated vibrational spectra and calculated thermodynamic parameters for the lactic acid monomer and dimer and its water complex in the gas phase. The results of this study are discussed in the context of environmental chemistry with an emphasis on indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexandra M Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joseph R Lane
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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17
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Gordon BP, Lindquist GA, Crawford ML, Wren SN, Moore FG, Scatena LF, Richmond GL. Diol it up: The influence of NaCl on methylglyoxal surface adsorption and hydration state at the air–water interface. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164705. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1214 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Grace A. Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Michael L. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Sumi N. Wren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Air Quality Research Division, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Frederick G. Moore
- Department of Physics, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Scatena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Geraldine L. Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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18
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16140-16155. [PMID: 32833454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry on water is a fascinating area of research. The surface of water and the interfaces between water and air or hydrophobic media represent asymmetric environments with unique properties that lead to unexpected solvation effects on chemical and photochemical processes. Indeed, the features of interfacial reactions differ, often drastically, from those of bulk-phase reactions. In this Perspective, we focus on photoinduced oxidation reactions, which have attracted enormous interest in recent years because of their implications in many areas of chemistry, including atmospheric and environmental chemistry, biology, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. We have chosen a few representative examples of photoinduced oxidation reactions to focus on in this Perspective. Although most of these examples are taken from the field of atmospheric chemistry, they were selected because of their broad relevance to other areas. First, we outline a series of processes whose photochemistry generates hydroxyl radicals. These OH precursors include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and sulfur dioxide. Second, we discuss processes involving the photooxidation of organic species, either directly or via photosensitization. The photochemistry of pyruvic acid and fatty acid, two examples that demonstrate the complexity and versatility of this kind of chemistry, is described. Finally, we discuss the physicochemical factors that can be invoked to explain the kinetics and thermodynamics of photoinduced oxidation reactions at aqueous interfaces and analyze a number of challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-631, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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19
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Samanta BR, Fernando R, Rösch D, Reisler H, Osborn DL. Looking at the bigger picture: Identifying the photoproducts of pyruvic acid at 193 nm. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - R. Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - D. Rösch
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA
| | - H. Reisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA
| | - D. L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA
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20
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Blair SL, Reed Harris AE, Frandsen BN, Kjaergaard HG, Pangui E, Cazaunau M, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Conformer-Specific Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid and the Effect of Water. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1240-1252. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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21
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Church JR, Vaida V, Skodje RT. Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetics of Pyruvic Acid with OH Radicals: The Role of Tunneling, Complex Formation, and Conformational Structure. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:790-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Rex T. Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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22
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Shemesh D, Luo M, Grassian VH, Gerber RB. Absorption spectra of pyruvic acid in water: insights from calculations for small hydrates and comparison to experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12658-12670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that small hydrate models including the roles of both neutral and deprotonated speciated forms provide a good quantitative description and a microscopic interpretation of the experimental spectrum of pyruvic acid in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- San Diego
- USA
| | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
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23
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Gordon BP, Moore FG, Scatena LF, Richmond GL. On the Rise: Experimental and Computational Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy Studies of Pyruvic Acid and Its Surface-Active Oligomer Species at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10609-10619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Frederick G. Moore
- Department of Physics, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Scatena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Geraldine L. Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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24
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Harrison AW, Shaw MF, De Bruyn WJ. Theoretical Investigation of the Atmospheric Photochemistry of Glyoxylic Acid in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8109-8121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Harrison
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
| | - Miranda F. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Warren J. De Bruyn
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
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25
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Alves MR, Fang Y, Wall KJ, Vaida V, Grassian VH. Chemistry and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed on Oxide Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7661-7671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kristin J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Sutradhar S, Samanta BR, Fernando R, Reisler H. Spectroscopy and Two-Photon Dissociation of Jet-Cooled Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5906-5917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sutradhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Bibek R. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Ravin Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Hanna Reisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
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27
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Fang Y, Lesnicki D, Wall KJ, Gaigeot MP, Sulpizi M, Vaida V, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Interactions between Gas-Phase Pyruvic Acid and Hydroxylated Silica Surfaces: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:983-991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dominika Lesnicki
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Kristin J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environnement, Université d’Evry val d’Essonne, Blvd F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, Evry 91025, France
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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28
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Kroll JA, Frandsen BN, Rapf RJ, Kjaergaard HG, Vaida V. Reactivity of Electronically Excited SO2 with Alkanes. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7782-7789. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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29
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Bersenkowitsch NK, Ončák M, Heller J, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Photodissociation of Sodium Iodide Clusters Doped with Small Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2018; 24:12433-12443. [PMID: 29979470 PMCID: PMC6120481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Marine aerosols consist of a variety of compounds and play an important role in many atmospheric processes. In the present study, sodium iodide clusters with their simple isotope pattern serve as model systems for laboratory studies to investigate the role of iodide in the photochemical processing of sea-salt aerosols. Salt clusters doped with camphor, formate and pyruvate are studied in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) coupled to a tunable laser system in both UV and IR range. The analysis is supported by ab initio calculations of absorption spectra and energetics of dissociative channels. We provide quantitative analysis of IRMPD measurements by reconstructing one-photon spectra and comparing them with the calculated ones. While neutral camphor is adsorbed on the cluster surface, the formate and pyruvate ions replace an iodide ion. The photodissociation spectra revealed several wavelength-specific fragmentation pathways, including the carbon dioxide radical anion formed by photolysis of pyruvate. Camphor and pyruvate doped clusters absorb in the spectral region above 290 nm, which is relevant for tropospheric photochemistry, leading to internal conversion followed by intramolecular vibrational redistribution, which leads to decomposition of the cluster. Potential photodissociation products of pyruvate in the actinic region may be formed with a cross section of <2×10-20 cm2 , determined by the experimental noise level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K. Bersenkowitsch
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Jakob Heller
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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30
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Rapf R, Perkins RJ, Dooley MR, Kroll JA, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Environmental Processing of Lipids Driven by Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:624-630. [PMID: 29806009 PMCID: PMC5968514 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight can initiate photochemical reactions of organic molecules though direct photolysis, photosensitization, and indirect processes, often leading to complex radical chemistry that can increase molecular complexity in the environment. α-Keto acids act as photoinitiators for organic species that are not themselves photoactive. Here, we demonstrate this capability through the reaction of two α-keto acids, pyruvic acid and 2-oxooctanoic acid, with a series of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. We show for five different cases that a cross-product between the photoinitiated α-keto acid and non-photoactive species is formed during photolysis in aqueous solution. Fatty acids and alcohols are relatively unreactive species, which suggests that α-keto acids are able to act as radical initiators for many atmospherically relevant molecules found in the sea surface microlayer and on atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jay A. Kroll
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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31
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Kroll JA, Frandsen BN, Kjaergaard HG, Vaida V. Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical Source: Reaction of Triplet SO2 and Water. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4465-4469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A. Kroll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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32
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Reed Harris AE, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Studies of the Gas-Phase Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8348-8358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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33
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Hanna AR, Blechle JM, Fisher ER. Using Fundamental Spectroscopy to Elucidate Kinetic and Energetic Mechanisms within Environmentally Relevant Inductively Coupled Plasma Systems. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7627-7640. [PMID: 28901756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding energy distributions and kinetic processes in NxOy plasma systems is vital to realizing their potential in a range of applications, including pollution abatement. Energy partitioning between degrees of freedom and multiple molecules formed within NxOy plasma systems (N2, N2O, N2/O2) was investigated using both optical emission and broadband absorption spectroscopies. Specifically, we determined electron temperatures (Te) as well as rotational (TR) and vibrational (TV) temperatures for various N2 (B3Πg and C3Πu) and NO (X2Π and A2Σ+) states. TR and TV for both molecules (regardless of state) show a strong positive correlation with applied plasma power, as well as a negative correlation with system pressure. In all cases, TV values are significantly higher than TR for both species, suggesting vibrational modes are preferentially excited over rotational degrees of freedom. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was utilized to determine rate constants, providing mechanistic insight and establishing the relationships between system parameters and plasma chemistry. Ultimately, the combination of these data allows us to glean information regarding both the kinetics and energetics of N2 and NO molecules formed within nitrogen- and oxygen-containing plasma systems for potential applications in gas remediation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Joshua M Blechle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ellen R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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34
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Rapf RJ, Perkins RJ, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Mechanistic Description of Photochemical Oligomer Formation from Aqueous Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4272-4282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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35
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Rapf RJ, Perkins RJ, Yang H, Miyake GM, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Photochemical Synthesis of Oligomeric Amphiphiles from Alkyl Oxoacids in Aqueous Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6946-6959. [PMID: 28481114 PMCID: PMC5518611 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous phase photochemistry of a series of amphiphilic α-keto acids with differing linear alkyl chain lengths was investigated, demonstrating the ability of sunlight-initiated reactions to build molecular complexity under environmentally relevant conditions. We show that the photochemical reaction mechanisms for α-keto acids in aqueous solution are robust and generalizable across alkyl chain lengths. The organic radicals generated during photolysis are indiscriminate, leading to a large mixture of photoproducts that are observed using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, but these products are identifiable following literature photochemical mechanisms. The alkyl oxoacids under study here can undergo a Norrish Type II reaction to generate pyruvic acid, increasing the diversity of observed photoproducts. The major products of this photochemistry are covalently bonded dimers and trimers of the starting oxoacids, many of which are multi-tailed lipids. The properties of these oligomers are discussed, including their spontaneous self-assembly into aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Haishen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Reed Harris AE, Pajunoja A, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Monod A, Griffith EC, Virtanen A, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Multiphase Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid under Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3327-3339. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Aki Pajunoja
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Anne Monod
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE, 13331, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth C. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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