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Wang B, Ye S, Zhang SY, Fang HL, Zhang YF, Xia CJ, Chen WJ. Reactions of Thorium Oxide Clusters with Water: The Effects of Oxygen Content. Chemphyschem 2022; 24:e202200701. [PMID: 36454657 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Thorium oxide has many important applications in industry. In this article, theoretical calculations have been carried out to explore the hydrolysis reactions of the ThOn (n=1-3) clusters. The reaction mechanisms of the O-deficient ThO and the O-rich ThO3 are compared with the stoichiometric ThO2 . The theoretical results show good agreement with the prior experiments. It is shown that the hydrolysis mainly occurred on the singlet potential surface. The overall reactions consist of two hydrolysis steps which are all favourable in energy. The effects of oxygen content on the hydrolysis are elucidated. Interestingly, among them, the peroxo group O2 2- in ThO3 is converted to the HOO- ligand, behaving like the terminal O2- in the hydrolysis which is transformed into the HO- groups. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses were employed to further understand the bonding of the pertinent species and to interpret the differences in hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shu Ye
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ling Fang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Fan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chan-Juan Xia
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, 410138, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Chen
- Department of Material Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering and Material, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, P. R. China
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Zhu Z, Marshall M, Bowen KH, Peterson KA. ThAu2−, ThAu2O−, and ThAuOH− anions: Photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical characterization. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Mary Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Marshall M, Zhu Z, Liu J, Cheng L, Bowen KH. Photoelectron Spectroscopic and ab Initio Computational Studies of the Anion, HThO–. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1903-1909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Xiong XG, Liu H. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study of HAuCN and [HAuCN] -: Spin-Orbit Coupling and Low-Lying Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4712-4719. [PMID: 32407628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a study of the electronic structures and chemical bonding of gaseous [HAuCN]- and the corresponding neutral molecule using photoelectron spectroscopy and relativistic quantum chemistry calculations. The electron affinity of the neutral HAuCN is reported to be 4.75 eV for the first time. The low-lying excited states of neutral molecule are observed and assigned according to the calculations utilizing a sophisticated electron correlation method incorporating both the scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects. Our theoretical calculations suggest the geometry will be distorted from linear structure to the bent during the process of detaching one electron from the anion. Various chemical bonding analyses based on theoretical calculations have been performed for the titled complexes, and the apparent covalent natures of interactions between gold and the studied ligands have been verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gen Xiong
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Ariyarathna IR, Miliordos E. Carbon monoxide activation by atomic thorium: ground and excited state reaction pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24469-24477. [PMID: 31686066 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and single reference coupled cluster calculations are performed for the ThCO and OThC isomers. Scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects are considered through a relativistic pseudopotential and the coupling of MRCI wavefunctions via the Breit-Pauli spin-orbit Hamiltonian. Optimized geometries, excitation energies, and vibrational frequencies are reported for both isomers. Full potential energy profiles are constructed for the Th+CO reaction and the conversion of the produced ThCO to OThC. Linear ThCO was found to be more stable than the highly ionic bent OThC system by about 4 kcal mol-1. The interconversion barrier is estimated to be around 30 kcal mol-1. Our results are in agreement with earlier experimental data for the two isomers. The lowest lying states of Th do not populate f-orbitals and resemble the electronic structure of Ti. Therefore, the ability of the two atoms to activate the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]O bond is compared. OTiC is found to be about 40 kcal mol-1 less stable than TiCO revealing the efficiency of Th and possibly other f-block elements to activate multiple chemical bonds as opposed to d-block metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru R Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5312, USA.
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Li Y, Zou J, Xiong XG, Xie H, Tang Z, Ge M, Zhao Y, Liu H. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical bonding of ThO2− and ThO3−. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinghan Zou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao-Gen Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Min Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yafan Zhao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 10088, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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