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Sun Z, Ji J, Zhu W. Effects of Nanoparticle Size on the Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms of 3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone through ReaxFF Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2023; 29:56. [PMID: 38202639 PMCID: PMC10779735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
ReaxFF-lg molecular dynamics method was employed to simulate the decomposition processes of IHEM-1 nanoparticles at high temperatures. The findings indicate that the initial decomposition paths of the nanoparticles with different sizes at varying temperatures are similar, where the bimolecular polymerization reaction occurred first. Particle size has little effect on the initial decomposition pathway, whereas there are differences in the numbers of the species during the decomposition and their evolution trends. The formation of the hydroxyl radicals is the dominant decomposition mechanism with the highest reaction frequency. The degradation rate of the IHEM-1 molecules gradually increases with the increasing temperature. The IHEM-1 nanoparticles with smaller sizes exhibit greater decomposition rate constants. The activation energies for the decomposition are lower than the reported experimental values of bulk explosives, which suggests a higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
| | - Jincheng Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China;
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;
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2
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Yi J, Qin Z, Li H, Zhao F, Ma H, Guo Z. Reactive molecular dynamics study on the thermal decomposition reaction of a triple-base solid propellant. J Mol Model 2022; 28:216. [PMID: 35816239 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of the combustion property of newly designed propellant by means of computational simulation is an efficient pathway for assessment and could avoid exposure to hazardous chemicals. An RDX-modified triple-base solid propellant formula was proposed in this study. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations employing ReaxFF-lg force field were performed to explore the thermal decomposition property of the propellant for a variety of temperatures. The reaction kinetics of the system and major ingredients were analyzed, and the apparent decomposition activation energies were calculated. The population of decomposition intermediates and products is thoroughly investigated. H2O is consumed at high temperatures indicating a water-gas reaction that could reduce carbon clusters during the combustion of solid propellant. The water-gas reaction, as well as the population of H2 at high temperature, points out the way of adjusting the formula of the propellant, which is adding fuel and oxidizer to improve combustion temperature and oxygen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yi
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Qin
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Li
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Simulations on pressurized oxy-coal combustion and gasification by molecular dynamics method with ReaxFF. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Wang Y, Yao S, Wang W, Qiu C, Zhang J, Deng S, Dong H, Wu C, Wang J. Pyrolysis of vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Lyu R, Huang Z, Deng H, Wei Y, Mou C, Wang L. Anatomies for the thermal decomposition behavior and product rule of 5,5′-dinitro-2 H,2 H′-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole. RSC Adv 2021; 11:40182-40192. [PMID: 35494153 PMCID: PMC9044519 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance energetic materials are mainly used in the military, aerospace industry and chemical fields. The ordinary technology of producing energetic materials cannot avoid the domination of its unique needs. At present, revealing the underlying mechanism of the formation of high-energy materials is of great significance for improving their quality characteristics. We pay special attention to the decomposition and reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulation of 5,5′-dinitro-2H,2H′-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole (DNBT). Various forms were captured in the simulation, and the form is determined by the temperature of the initial reactant. By observing the heating pattern and morphological changes under the initial thermal equilibrium, interesting temperature jumps were found in 325 K and 350 K. Observation of continuous heating (simulated temperatures are 2600 K, 2900 K, 3200 K and 3500 K) shows that DNBT has the maximum heating rate at 3500 K. In addition, N2 occupies this dominant position in the product, moreover, N2 and NO2 respectively dominate the gas phase products during the initial heating process. According to the transition state analysis results of the intermediates, we found 4 interesting intermediate products, which were determined by high frequency reaction under the 4 simulated temperatures and performed with transition state calculations. It shows that the selection of reactant temperature and its activity is the key to orderly decomposition of DNBT. It is expected that these findings will be widely used in comprehensive decomposition devices and to improve the concept of learning military and industrial technology. The performance and behavior of DNBT under RMD simulation at high temperature (2600 K, 2900 K, 3200 K and 3500 K).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Hongbo Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yue Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Chuanlin Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
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6
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Rice BM, Mattson WD, Larentzos JP, Byrd EFC. Heuristics for chemical species identification in dense systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy M. Rice
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - William D. Mattson
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - James P. Larentzos
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
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7
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Inversely deducing the initiation mechanism of energetic materials under pressure from possible defect states in nitromethane. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Perriot R, Cawkwell MJ, Martinez E, McGrane SD. Reaction Rates in Nitromethane under High Pressure from Density Functional Tight Binding Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3314-3328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Perriot
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - M. J. Cawkwell
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Martinez
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shawn D. McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Yu T, Lai W, Guo W, Ge Z, Ma Z. Structural Rearrangement of Energetic Materials under an External Electric Field: A Case Study of Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2129-2134. [PMID: 29437398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a significant stimulus, the external electric field (EEF) can change the decomposition mechanism and energy release of energetic materials (EMs). Hence, understanding the response of EMs to an EEF is greatly meaningful for their safe usage. Herein, the structural arrangement, a crucial factor in the impact sensitivity and detonation performance of EMs, under the EEF ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 V/Å was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation. Nitromethane (NM) was taken as a case study due to the simple structure. The simulation results show that there exists a critical EEF strength between 0.2 and 0.3 V/Å, which can induce the transition of NM molecules from relatively disordered distribution to solidlike ordered and compacted arrangement with a large density. In this ordered structure, NM dipoles are aligned in a head-to-tail pattern parallel to the EEF direction because of the favored dipole-dipole interactions and weak C-H···O hydrogen bonds. As the EEF strength is enhanced, the potential energy and cohesive energy density of the NM system gradually decrease and increase, respectively, indicative of high thermodynamics stability of ordered arrangement. The results reported here also shed light on the potential of the EEF to induce the nucleation and crystallization to explore new polymorphs of EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Yiding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Wangjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhinan Ma
- School of Science, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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10
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Giese TJ, York DM. Quantum mechanical force fields for condensed phase molecular simulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:383002. [PMID: 28817382 PMCID: PMC5821073 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7c5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations are powerful tools for providing atomic-level details into complex chemical and physical processes that occur in the condensed phase. For strongly interacting systems where quantum many-body effects are known to play an important role, density-functional methods are often used to provide the model with the potential energy used to drive dynamics. These methods, however, suffer from two major drawbacks. First, they are often too computationally intensive to practically apply to large systems over long time scales, limiting their scope of application. Second, there remain challenges for these models to obtain the necessary level of accuracy for weak non-bonded interactions to obtain quantitative accuracy for a wide range of condensed phase properties. Quantum mechanical force fields (QMFFs) provide a potential solution to both of these limitations. In this review, we address recent advances in the development of QMFFs for condensed phase simulations. In particular, we examine the development of QMFF models using both approximate and ab initio density-functional models, the treatment of short-ranged non-bonded and long-ranged electrostatic interactions, and stability issues in molecular dynamics calculations. Example calculations are provided for crystalline systems, liquid water, and ionic liquids. We conclude with a perspective for emerging challenges and future research directions.
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11
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Han Y, Rasulev B, Kilin DS. Photofragmentation of Tetranitromethane: Spin-Unrestricted Time-Dependent Excited-State Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3185-3192. [PMID: 28618779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photofragmentation dynamics of tetranitromethane (TNM) is explored by a spin-unrestricted time-dependent excited-state molecular dynamics (u-TDESMD) algorithm based on Rabi oscillations and principles similar to trajectory surface hopping, with a midintensity field approximation. The leading order process is represented by the molecule undergoing cyclic excitations and de-excitations. During excitation cycles, the nuclear kinetic energy is accumulated to overcome the dissociation barriers in the reactant and a sequence of intermediates. The dissociation pathway includes the ejection of NO2 groups followed by the formation of NO and CO. The simulated mass spectra at the ab initio level, based on the bond length in possible fragments, are extracted from simulation trajectories. The recently developed methodology has the potential to model and monitor photoreactions with open-shell intermediates and radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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