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Saito S, Numadate N, Teraoka H, Enami S, Kobayashi H, Hama T. Impurity contribution to ultraviolet absorption of saturated fatty acids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6438. [PMID: 37729407 PMCID: PMC10511181 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids are abundant organic compounds in oceans and sea sprays. Their photochemical reactions induced by solar radiation have recently been found as an abiotic source of volatile organic compounds, which serve as precursors of secondary organic aerosols. However, photoabsorption of wavelengths longer than 250 nanometers in liquid saturated fatty acids remains unexplained, despite being first reported in 1931. Here, we demonstrate that the previously reported absorption of wavelengths longer than 250 nanometers by liquid nonanoic acid [CH3(CH2)7COOH)] originates from traces of impurities (0.1% at most) intrinsically contained in nonanoic acid reagents. Absorption cross sections of nonanoic acid newly obtained here indicate that the upper limit of its photolysis rate is three to five orders of magnitude smaller than those for atmospherically relevant carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Saito
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naoki Numadate
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Teraoka
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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2
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Numadate N, Saito S, Nojima Y, Ishibashi TA, Enami S, Hama T. Direct Observation and Quantitative Measurement of OH Radical Desorption During the Ultraviolet Photolysis of Liquid Nonanoic Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8290-8297. [PMID: 36073084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis of fatty acid surfactants─which cover the surfaces of atmospheric liquid aerosols and are found in the oceans─such as nonanoic acid (NA) has recently been suggested as a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the troposphere. We used laser-induced fluorescence to directly observe OH radicals desorbed from the surface of neat liquid NA as a primary photoproduct following 213 nm irradiation. The upper limit of photoreaction cross section for the OH radical desorption was estimated to be 9.0(4.1) × 10-22 cm2, which is only 1.2 ± 0.8% of the photoreaction cross section established for the photolysis of gas-phase acetic acid monomers. Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy for liquid NA revealed the hydrogen-bonded, cyclic, dimer structure of the NA molecules at the liquid surface. This dimerization can inhibit the formation of OH radicals and lead the present low photochemical reactivity of liquid NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Numadate
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shota Saito
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nojima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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3
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Huang D, Wang J, Xia H, Zhang Y, Bao F, Li M, Chen C, Zhao J. Enhanced Photochemical Volatile Organic Compounds Release from Fatty Acids by Surface-Enriched Fe(III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13448-13457. [PMID: 33081467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both Fe(III) and fatty acids are ubiquitous and important species in environmental waters. Because they are amphipathic, many fatty acids are surface active and prone to enrichment at the air-water interface. Here, we report that by using nonanoic acid (NA) as a model fatty acid, coexisting Fe(III), even at concentrations as low as 1 μM, markedly enhanced the photochemical release of NA-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as octanal and octane into the air. Further studies indicated that the surface-enriched fatty acids dramatically increase the local concentration of Fe(III) at the water surface, which enables Fe(III)-mediated photochemical reactions to take place at the air-water interface, and the VOCs facilely produced by fatty acid photooxidation can then be released into the air. Moreover, the product distribution in the Fe(III)-mediated reactions was largely different from that in other photochemical systems, and a mechanism based on photochemical decarboxylation is proposed. Considering that the coexistence of fatty acids and Fe(III) in the environment is common, the enhanced photochemical release of VOCs by surface-enriched fatty acids and Fe(III) may be an important channel for the atmospheric emission of VOCs, which are known to play an essential role in the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Huang Y, Barraza KM, Kenseth CM, Zhao R, Wang C, Beauchamp JL, Seinfeld JH. Probing the OH Oxidation of Pinonic Acid at the Air–Water Interface Using Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FIDI-MS). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6445-6456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Rapf R, Perkins RJ, Dooley MR, Kroll JA, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Environmental Processing of Lipids Driven by Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:624-630. [PMID: 29806009 PMCID: PMC5968514 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight can initiate photochemical reactions of organic molecules though direct photolysis, photosensitization, and indirect processes, often leading to complex radical chemistry that can increase molecular complexity in the environment. α-Keto acids act as photoinitiators for organic species that are not themselves photoactive. Here, we demonstrate this capability through the reaction of two α-keto acids, pyruvic acid and 2-oxooctanoic acid, with a series of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. We show for five different cases that a cross-product between the photoinitiated α-keto acid and non-photoactive species is formed during photolysis in aqueous solution. Fatty acids and alcohols are relatively unreactive species, which suggests that α-keto acids are able to act as radical initiators for many atmospherically relevant molecules found in the sea surface microlayer and on atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jay A. Kroll
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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6
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Xiao P, Yang JJ, Fang WH, Cui G. QM/MM studies on ozonolysis of α-humulene and Criegee reactions with acids and water at air–water/acetonitrile interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16138-16150. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
QM/MM electronic structure calculations reveal important mechanistic insights on the ozonolysis of α-humulene and Criegee reactions with acids and water at air–water/acetonitrile interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
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