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Yang YH, He R, Qin Y, Zhang L. Metal-ion-triggered symmetry breaking of completely achiral azobenzene amphiphiles in water. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38639490 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Achieving control over symmetry breaking of completely achiral components in the aqueous phase is a significant challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct chiral nanoassemblies by introducing metal ions (Zn2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+, and Ca2+) into completely achiral azobenzene amphiphiles with key structural factors in the pure aqueous phase. It is found that the coordination interactions, π-π stacking, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions are crucial to the metal-ion-induced symmetry breaking of completely achiral building blocks. This study may provide an intriguing model system for constructing chiral assemblies based on completely achiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Yang
- PCFM Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Ran He
- PCFM Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yang Qin
- PCFM Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- PCFM Lab, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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2
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Jähnigen S. Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Chiral Molecular Crystals: Insights from Theory. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303595. [PMID: 37071543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a curious phenomenon that appears in various forms. While the concept of molecular (RS-)chirality is ubiquitous in chemistry, there are also more intricate forms of structural chirality. One of them is the enantiomorphism of crystals, especially molecular crystals, that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in the unit cell. Its relation to molecular chirality is not obvious, but still an open question, which can be addressed with chiroptical tools. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) denotes chiral infrared (IR) spectroscopy that is susceptible to both, the molecular as well as the intermolecular space by means of vibrational transitions. When carried out in the solid state, VCD delivers a very rich set of non-local contributions that are determined by crystal packing and collective motion. Since its discovery in the 1970s, VCD has become the method of choice for the determination of absolute configurations, but its applicability reaches beyond towards the study of different crystal forms and polymorphism. This brief review summarises the theoretical concepts of crystal chirality and how computations of solid-state VCD can shed light into the intimate connection of chiral structure and vibrational optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jähnigen
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
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3
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Jähnigen S, Le Barbu-Debus K, Guillot R, Vuilleumier R, Zehnacker A. How Crystal Symmetry Dictates Non-Local Vibrational Circular Dichroism in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215599. [PMID: 36441537 PMCID: PMC10107176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solid-State Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) can be used to determine the absolute structure of chiral crystals, but its interpretation remains a challenge in modern spectroscopy. In this work, we investigate the effect of a twofold screw axis on the solid-state VCD spectrum in a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of P21 crystals of (S)-(+)-1-indanol. Even though the space group is achiral, a single proper symmetry operation has an important impact on the VCD spectrum, which reflects the supramolecular chirality of the crystal. Distinguishing between contributions originating from molecular chirality and from chiral crystal packing, we find that while IR absorption hardly depends on the symmetry of the space group, the situation is different for VCD, where completely new non-local patterns emerge. Understanding the two underlying mechanisms, namely gauge transport and direct coupling, will help to use VCD to distinguish polymorphic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Jähnigen
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Katia Le Barbu-Debus
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
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5
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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6
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Marín-Luna M, Claramunt RM, Elguero J, Alkorta I. Theoretical and Spectroscopic Characterization of API-Related Azoles in Solution and in Solid State. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4847-4857. [PMID: 32811407 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200818212846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a family of five-membered azacyclic compounds with relevant biological and pharmacological activity. Different subclasses of azoles are defined depending on the atomic arrangement and the number of nitrogen atoms present in the ring: pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles, tetrazoles and pentazoles. The complete characterization of their structure and the knowledge about their crystal packing and physical and chemical properties are of vital importance for the advancement in the design of new azole-containing drugs. In this review, we report the latest recent contributions to azole chemistry, in particular, those in which theoretical studies have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Pérez-Mellor A, Le Barbu-Debus K, Zehnacker A. Solid-state synthesis of cyclo LD-diphenylalanine: A chiral phase built from achiral subunits. Chirality 2020; 32:693-703. [PMID: 32078197 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state structure of LL/DD or LD/DL diphenylalanine diluted in KBr pellets is studied by infrared (IR) absorption and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. The structure depends on the absolute configuration of the residues. The natural LL diphenylalanine exists as a mixture of neutral and zwitterionic structures, depending on the humidity of the sample, while mostly the zwitterion is observed for LD diphenylalanine whatever the experimental conditions. The system undergoes spontaneous cyclization upon heating at 125°C, resulting to the formation of a diketopiperazine (DKP) dipeptide as the only product. The reaction is faster for LD than for LL diphenylalanine. As expected, LL and DD diphenylalanine react to form the LL and DD enantiomers of cyclo diphenylalanine. Interestingly, the DKP dipeptides formed from the LD or DL diphenylalanine show unexpected optical activity, with opposite VCD spectra for the products formed from the LD and DL reagents. This is explained in terms of chirality synchronization between the monomers within the crystal, which retain the symmetry of the reagent, resulting to the formation of a new chiral phase made from transiently chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Pérez-Mellor
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Katia Le Barbu-Debus
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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8
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Alkorta I, Elguero J. Theoretical studies of conformational analysis and intramolecular dynamic phenomena. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Cruz JM, Hernández-Lechuga K, Domínguez-Valle I, Fuentes-Beltrán A, Sánchez-Morales JU, Ocampo-Espindola JL, Polanco C, Micheau JC, Buhse T. Non‐stochastic behavior in sodium chlorate crystallization. Chirality 2019; 32:120-134. [PMID: 31696979 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NaClO3 is achiral in solution. If crystallization is performed under a static set-up, it is recognized that the stochastic nucleation probability results in a racemic mixture of the conglomerate. In this paper, we report a reexamination of the crystallization of NaClO3 from static solution in petri dishes that was conducted over a number of years and is based on the count and analysis of several thousand d- vs. l-NaClO3 crystals. Remarkably, instead of an expected nearly 50/50 coin-tossing situation for the d/l crystal frequency, in most of our experiments a statistically significant bias in favor of d- over l-NaClO3 crystals was found. The experiments also showed that the NaClO3 system was relatively insensitive regarding the intentional addition of a variety of optically active agents. Only in some cases, the persisting d-bias observed in the unseeded experiments slightly increased upon the presence of such additives. Nevertheless, experiments in plastic petri dishes or in presence of fungal spores were able to reverse this bias. A literature survey shows that mainly d-directed non-stochastic behavior in the NaClO3 system has been previously observed in other laboratory settings and by the application of different crystallization techniques. So far, the kind of chiral influence that could be at the origin of the observed bias remains unknown. After the examination of several possible chiral influences of physical, chemical and biological origin, we carefully consider the presence of bio-contaminants as most likely for the cause of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Manuel Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karem Hernández-Lechuga
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Israel Domínguez-Valle
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Fuentes-Beltrán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Javier Ulises Sánchez-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Ocampo-Espindola
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Polanco
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Declerck V, Pérez‐Mellor A, Guillot R, Aitken DJ, Mons M, Zehnacker A. Vibrational circular dichroism as a probe of solid‐state organisation of derivatives of cyclic β‐amino acids:
Cis
‐ and
trans
‐2‐aminocyclobutane‐1‐carboxylic acid. Chirality 2019; 31:547-560. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Declerck
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182Université Paris Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
| | - Ariel Pérez‐Mellor
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris‐SudUniversité Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182Université Paris Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP3A Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182Université Paris Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
| | - Michel Mons
- Laboratoire Interactions Dynamiques et Lasers (LIDYL)Université Paris Saclay Paris France
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris‐SudUniversité Paris‐Saclay Orsay France
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11
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The strange case of achiral compounds which were reported to always crystallize in the same chiral group. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Zuñiga FJ, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Aretxabaleta XM, de la Pinta N, Breczewski T, Quesada-Moreno MM, Avilés-Moreno JR, López-González JJ, Claramunt RM, Elguero J. Conformational aspects of polymorphs and phases of 2-propyl-1 H-benzimidazole. IUCRJ 2018; 5:706-715. [PMID: 30443355 PMCID: PMC6211527 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the polymorphism of 2-propyl-1H-benzimidazole (2PrBzIm) induced by temperature change. Upon heating, an irreversible reconstructive-type phase transition at T = 384 K from the ordered form I (P212121) to a new polymorph, form II HT (Pcam), was observed. The structural transformation between forms I and II involves significant changes in the crystal packing, as well as a key conformational variation around the propyl chain of the molecule. After the first irreversible phase transition, the II HT form undergoes two further (reversible) phase transitions upon cooling at 361 K (II RT) and 181 K (II LT). All three phases (forms II HT, II RT and II LT) have almost identical crystal packing and, given the reversibility of the conversions as a function of temperature, they are referred to as form II temperature phases. They differ, however, with respect to conformational variations around the propyl chain of 2PrBzIm. Energy calculations of the gas-phase conformational energy landscape of this compound about its flexible bonds allowed us to classify the observed conformational variations of all forms into changes and adjustments of conformers. This reveals that forms I and II are related by conformational change, and that two of the form II phases (HT and RT) are related by conformational adjustment, whilst the other two (RT and LT) are related by conformational change. We introduce the term 'conformational phases' for different crystal phases with almost identical packing but showing changes in conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fco. Javier Zuñiga
- Departamento Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xabier M. Aretxabaleta
- Departamento Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Noelia de la Pinta
- Departamento Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Tomasz Breczewski
- Departamento Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla E-41704, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús López-González
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, Centro de Química Orgánica Manuel Lora-Tamayo, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid E-28006, Spain
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